摘要
目的:明确立式深旋耕作及地膜覆盖对半干旱区党参耗水、生长状况、产量、水分利用效率和经济收益的影响,为寻求半干旱区党参抗旱增产、资源高效利用的耕作栽培方法提供理论依据。方法:采用随机区组设计,于2017年设置立式深旋40 cm覆膜(VTM)、立式深旋40 cm(VT)、传统旋耕15 cm覆膜(RTM)和传统旋耕15 cm(RT)4个处理,测定党参不同生育时期0~300 cm土层土壤贮水量、叶片SPAD值、叶面积指数、植株地上干物质量和产量等指标,计算阶段耗水量、水分利用效率(WUE)、纯收益等指标,明确立式深旋耕作和覆膜对党参生产效率和经济效益的影响。结果:VT、VTM、RTM在拉蔓期到块根增长期0~300 cm土层土壤耗水量分别较RT高6.1~8.8、8.1~22.9和8.1~18.4 mm。VTM叶片SPAD值、地上干物质量和叶面积指数均显著高于其他处理,VT和RTM的叶片SPAD值、地上干物质量和叶面积指数无显著差异,但均显著高于RT。基于较高的个体和群体生长量,VTM党参块根产量和WUE分别较VT、RTM、RT提高31.8%、34.4%、59.8%和25.7%、28.3%、43.5%;VT、RTM产量和WUE无显著差异,分别较RT提高21.3%、18.9%和14.1%、11.8%。VTM纯收益达到5 540元/667 m^(2),分别较VT、RTM和RT提高33.8%、43.4%和68.9%;VT和RTM纯收益分别较RT提高26.3%和17.8%;VT较RTM提高7.2%。结论:立式深旋和覆膜均能促进党参拉蔓期到块根增长期耗水,使党参叶片SPAD值、地上干物质量和叶面积指数显著提高,块根产量和水分利用效率明显升高,并显著提高经济效益和纯收益,尤其是立式深旋耕作和覆膜结合是适宜于西北旱地党参种植的耕作技术,而且立式深旋耕作在一定程度上可替代地膜使用的效果。
Objective: To examine the effects of vertically rotary sub-soiling tillage and plastic mulching on water consumption, growth status, yield, water use efficiency and economic benefits of Codonopsis pilosula in semi-arid area, so as to provide a theoretical basis for seeking the cultivation method for drought resistance, increase production and efficient utilization of Codonopsis pilosula in semi-arid area.Methods: Using a random block design, four treatments including vertically rotary sub-soiling tillage for 40 cm depth and with plastic mulching(VTM),vertically rotary sub-soiling tillage for 40 cm depth(VT),traditional rotary tillage for 15 cm depth and with plastic mulching(RTM),traditional rotary tillage for 15 cm depth(RT)were set in 2017.Soil water storage, leaf SPAD value, leaf area index, aboveground dry matter weight of plant and yield in 0 to 300 cm soil layer of Codonopsis pilosula at different growth stages were measured, and stage water consumption, water use efficiency(WUE),net profit and other indexes were calculated to determine the effects of vertical deep rotation tillage and plastic mulching on the production efficiency and economic benefits of Codonopsis pilosula.Results: The soil water consumption of VT,VTM and RTM in 0 to 300 cm soil layer was 6.1 to 8.8,8.1 to 22.9 and 8.1 to 18.4 mm higher than that of RT in stretching stage to root tuber growth stage, respectively.The leaf SPAD value, aboveground dry matter mass and leaf area index of VTM were significantly higher than those of other treatments, while the leaf SPAD value, aboveground dry matter mass and leaf area index of VT and RTM had no significant differences, but they were significantly higher than those of RT.Based on the higher individual and population growth, the root tuber yield and WUE of Codonopsis pilosula in VTM increased by 31.8%,34.4%,59.8% and 25.7%,28.3%,43.5%,respectively, compared with VT,RTM and RT.The yield of VT and RTM increased by 21.3%,18.9% and 14.1%,11.8%,respectively, compared with RT,but there was no significant difference in WUE.The net income of VTM reached 5 540 yuan/667 m^(2),which was 33.8%,43.4% and 68.9% higher than that of VT,RTM and RT,respectively.The net income of VT and RTM was 26.3% and 17.8% higher than that of RT,respectively.The net income of VT was 7.2% higher than RTM.Conclusion: Vertical deep spinning and plastic mulching can promote the water deprivation of Codonopsis pilosula tendril period to root growth, the Codonopsis pilosula leaf SPAD value, leaf area index, aboveground dry matter, root yield and water use efficiency are increased significantly, and it significantly improves the economic benefit and pure income, especially the vertical rotary sub-spiling tillage and plastic mulching is suitable for the Codonopsis pilosula planting farming techniques in northwest dryland, and vertical rotary sub-soiling tillage to a certain extent, can be used instead of plastic effect.
作者
侯慧芝
张绪成
马一凡
方彦杰
王红丽
于显枫
雷康宁
HOU Hui-zhi;ZHANG Xu-cheng;MA Yi-fan;FANG Yan-jie;WANG Hong-li;YU Xian-feng;LEI Kang-ning(Institute of Dry Land Farming,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of High Water Utilization on Dryland of Gansu Province,Lanzhou 730070,China)
出处
《中药材》
CAS
北大核心
2021年第3期520-525,共6页
Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials
基金
甘肃省科技重大专项(20ZD7NA007)
甘肃省农业科学院农业科技创新专项(2017GAAS27)
关键词
地膜覆盖
立式深旋
党参
阶段耗水
产量
Plastic mulching
Vertically rotary sub-soiling tillage
Codonopsis pilosula(Franch.) Nannf.
Stage water consumption
Yield
