摘要
近年刊布的《唐故左屯卫郎将李公墓志铭》是唐初契丹质子李范的墓志。李范为契丹首领摩会之子,墓志对摩会附唐时间的记载与传世文献不同,应是对李渊起兵之初求援突厥的曲折反映。摩会所统契丹八部在隋唐之际曾臣属突厥,在突厥可汗的安排下协助李渊起兵。虽然摩会在武德元年(618)曾接受李唐封号,但契丹八部联盟却并未因此臣属唐朝,直到贞观二年(628)才真正叛离突厥、归附唐朝。将墓志中李范生前身后情形的描述与传世文献对照,可发现《旧唐书》《辽史》等文献将摩会与窟哥皆归为大贺氏的证据不足,窟哥很可能是在贞观后期发迹的契丹新兴势力,其崛起或与唐征高句丽有关。墓志称李范为“契丹乌丸人”,并不意味着唐人将契丹族源视为乌桓。唐人曾以“乌丸”“鲜卑”“林胡”代指契丹,且有时将契丹与古族名称直接连用,这种记载应属以古喻今的表述手法。据《李范墓志》记载,李范家族缬、毕、摩会三代连续出任契丹八部大蕃长且先后接受北齐、隋、唐的册封,表现出契丹对中原政权较明显的依附性。墓志将契丹八部联盟存在的时间上限提至北齐时期,则有助于从更长时段认识契丹与中原政权的关系。
Published in recent years,the Epitaph of General Li Fan in Tang Dynasty is an epitaph of the Khitan hostage in Tang Dynasty,which involves some important historical facts about Khitan in the early Tang Dynasty.Li Fan is the son of the Khitan leader Mohui.His family had served as the leader of the Khitan tribe alliance for three consecutive generations from the Northern Qi Dynasty to the early Tang Dynasty.Regarding the time when Mohui surrendered to the Tang Dynasty,there are different accounts between the epitaph of Li Fan and the official historical documents.This phenomenon may be an indirect reflection of Li Yuan’s appeal to the Turk during his early upheavals.During the Sui and Tang dynasties,the eight Khitan tribes belonged to the Turkic state,and assisted Li Yuan to rebel under the arrangement of the Turkic Khan.Although Mohui accepted the title of the Tang Dynasty in the first year of Wude(618 AD),the alliance of the Khitan eight tribes did not affiliated to the Tang Dynasty.It was not until the second year of Zhenguan(628 AD)that Mohui rebelled against the Turks and then became subsidiary to the Tang Dynasty.The epitaph’s description of Li Fan’s life before and after his death indicates that Mohui and Kuge(窟哥)should not belong to the same family of Dahe clan.The Dahe clan indeed should be a newly emerged power in late Zhenguan,and its emergence should be related to Tang Dynasty’s sending armed forces to suppress Koryo.In addition,the epitaph calling Li Fan“a Khitan Wuwan man”does not mean that the Khitan origin being Wuhuan.The Tang people once referred to the Khitan as“Wuwan”,“Xianbei”and“Linhu”,and sometimes used its ancient tribal name for Khitan.This is actually a way of literary expression of replacing today’s nouns with ancient nouns.According to,Xie,Bi and Mohui of the Li Fan family served as the heads of the eight Khitan kingdoms and accepted the titles of the Northern Qi,Sui and Tang dynasties successively,which shows the more obvious dependence of the Khitan to the Central Plains regime.The epitaph chased back the history of the existence of the eight Khitan tribes’alliance to the Northern Qi period,which helped to understand the relationship between the Khitan and the Central Plains regime from a longer historical period perspective.
作者
铁颜颜
TIE Yan-yan(Institute of Chinese Borderland Studies,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100101)
出处
《中央民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第3期164-176,共13页
Journal of Minzu University of China(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)
基金
国家社会科学基金一般项目“皇族与辽代社会研究”(项目编号:20BZS037)的阶段性成果
关键词
契丹附唐
《李范墓志》
摩会家族
契丹八部
Khitan’s affiliation to the Tang Dynasty
the Epitaph of Li Fan
Mohui family
eight Khitan tribes
