摘要
传统的反垄断法事后干预范式难以对互联网平台垄断力量的不断扩张形成有效约束,存在放纵垄断者的伪阴性风险。事前干预通过要求垄断者承担积极竞争义务来对垄断力量进行预防性控制,能够有效克服事后干预的伪阴性弊端。平台反垄断事前干预建立在互联网平台具有必要设施这一属性的基础上,需求侧规模经济的存在使大型互联网平台具备了控制网络竞争瓶颈的必要设施地位,对其施加积极竞争义务具有可操作性与有效性。平台反垄断事前干预的义务承担主体为必要设施互联网平台,义务内容为要求必要设施互联网平台无歧视地向竞争对手开放互联网平台生态,义务履行范围应限定于纵向市场竞争对手,以避免过于宽泛的积极竞争义务产生抑制市场投资的负面激励。我国的《平台分级指南》和《平台责任指南》应在主体、内容与履行范围方面作出相应的完善。
The traditional ex-post intervention paradigm of the Anti-Monopoly Law can hardly form an effective constraint on the continuous expansion of the monopoly forces of Internet platforms,and there exists a false-negative risk of indulging monopolists.Ex-ante intervention can effectively overcome the false-negative disadvantages of ex-post intervention by requiring the monopolists to assume the obligation of active competition to exercise preventive control over monopoly forces.The ex-ante intervention for combating the monopoly of internet platforms is based on the fact that Internet platforms enjoy the nature of essential facilities,and the existence of economies of scale on the demand side makes large internet platforms have the status of essential facilities to control the bottleneck of online competition,thus it is operable and effective to impose active competition obligations on them.The subjects undertaking the obligation to carry out the ex-ante intervention for combating the monopoly of platforms are Internet platforms of essential facilities,and the content of such obligation is to require Internet platforms of essential facilities to open the internet platform ecology to competitors without discrimination,and the scope of such obligation performance should be limited to vertical market competitors,so as to avoid excessive obligations of active competition from generating negative incentives that inhibit market investment.The Platform Grading Guidelines and Platform Responsibility Guidelines of China should be improved accordingly in terms of subject,content and scope of performance.
出处
《政治与法律》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第4期162-176,共15页
Political Science and Law
关键词
平台垄断
必要设施
事前干预
事后干预
积极竞争义务
Platform Monopoly
Essential Facilities
Ex-Ante Intervention
Ex-Post Intervention
Active Competition Obligation
