摘要
按照《中华人民共和国立法法》的规定,备案审查机构发现法规“同宪法相抵触”,可以进行处理。理论界于是认为备案审查制度包含了合宪性审查职责,但这种理解存在很多难题。在本质上,备案审查是一种立法监督制度,以合法性审查为主要职责,发挥间接的宪法监督功能。虽然在备案审查中直接依据宪法进行审查有法律空间,但该工作存在现实局限性,表现为直接同宪法相抵触的法规数量少、发现难,且审查机构没有能力从涉宪法的规范性文件中发现、处理真正的宪法争议,也不会质疑法规的依据是否合宪。备案审查实践中从未依据宪法进行过实质性审查。将备案审查与合宪性审查混淆在一起,不利于合宪性审查制度建设。我国正在建设以全国人大宪法和法律委员会为中心的集中式的合宪性审查制度,它排斥在备案审查中进行合宪性审查。修改《中华人民共和国立法法》时应当建立备案审查的合宪性审查提请机制,让备案审查为合宪性审查提供案源和动力,实现两者的衔接协调和共同发展。
According to Chinese Legislation Law,the record review institution may deal with a regulation found to be"in contravention with the Constitution".Some theorists then believe that the record review system has the connotation of the responsibility for constitutional review,but this understanding has brought up many difficulties.In essence,record review is a legislative supervision system,which takes legitimacy review as its main responsibility and plays an indirect function of constitutional supervision.Although there is a legal space for review directly based on the Constitution in the record review,there are practical limitations in this work,which are shown as the small number of laws and regulations that directly contravene the Constitution,the difficulty in finding them,the inability of the review institution to discover,deal with real constitutional disputes from the normative documents related to the Constitution,the failure of the review institution to question whether the basis of the laws and regulations is constitutional.In the practice of record review,there has never been a substantive review in accordance with the Constitution.Confusing record review with constitutional review is not conducive to the construction of constitutional review system.China is building a centralized constitutional review system centered on the Constitution and Law Committee of the National People’s Congress,which excludes constitutional review in the record review.The amendment to Chinese Legislation Law should establish a mechanism of request for constitutional in the record review to let the record review provide case source and impetus for constitutional review,and realize their connection,coordination and common development.
出处
《政治与法律》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第2期46-62,共17页
Political Science and Law
关键词
备案审查
合宪性审查
合法性审查
宪法监督
提请机制
Record Review
Constitutional Review
Legitimacy Review
Constitutional Supervision
Request
