摘要
为解决磷酸铁锂电池热失控导致的储能系统火灾安全问题,分析几种常见灭火剂的灭火机制和性能特点,探索实践更为有效的灭火方法。首先,总结磷酸铁锂电池的热失控过程及燃烧特点;然后,分析七氟丙烷、气液复合灭火剂、全氟己酮、气溶胶和细水雾等灭火剂的灭火机制,以及对磷酸铁锂电池火灾事故的灭火和抑制复燃效果;最后,基于实际工作中的预制舱式磷酸铁锂电池储能系统典型消防系统案例,介绍其系统组成和控制逻辑。结果表明:磷酸铁锂电池火灾为A、B、C类综合性火灾;七氟丙烷、气液复合灭火剂、全氟己酮、气溶胶和细水雾等灭火剂在灭火效果、降温效果、抑制复燃以及技术成熟性方面各有优缺点,但任何一种灭火剂均无法同时起到扑灭明火和抑制电池复燃的作用;采用全氟己酮和水消防相结合的灭火方法更有效。
In order to solve the fire safety issue of energy storage system caused by thermal runaway of lithium iron phosphate battery,the fire extinguishing mechanism and performance characteristics of several common extinguishants were studied,and a more effective fire extinguishing method was explored and practiced.Firstly,the thermal runaway process and combustion characteristics of lithium iron phosphate battery were summarized.Then,the fire extinguishing mechanisms of extinguishants such as heptafluoropropane,gas-liquid composite extinguishant,perfluorohexone,aerosol and water mist,as well as the effects of fire extinguishing and reignition suppression on the fire accidents of lithium iron phosphate battery were analyzed.Finally,based on the typical fire fighting system case of prefabricated cabin type lithium iron phosphate battery energy storage system in actual work,the system composition and control logic were introduced.The results show that the fire of lithium iron phosphate battery is a comprehensive fire of category A,B and C.Heptafluoropropane,gas-liquid composite extinguishant,perfluorohexanone,aerosol and water mist have their own advantages and disadvantages in terms of fire extinguishing effect including cooling effect,inhibition of reignition and technological maturity,but none of them can simultaneously extinguish open fire and inhibit battery reignition.It is more effective to use the fire extinguishing method of combining perfluorohexone and water.
作者
李凌坤
陈换军
刘辉
张玉魁
李尧
陈彦桥
LI Lingkun;CHEN Huanjun;LIU Hui;ZHANG Yukui;LI Yao;CHEN Yanqiao(CHN Energy New Energy Technology Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 102209,China;Beijing Key Laboratory of Power Generation System Functional Material,Beijing 102209,China)
出处
《中国安全科学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第S02期111-117,共7页
China Safety Science Journal
基金
国家能源集团重点科技项目(2020E1ES00100,2021E2ES00100,GJNY-22-113)
关键词
磷酸铁锂电池
储能系统
消防系统
热失控
灭火剂
lithium iron phosphate battery
energy storage system
fire fighting system
thermal runaway
extinguishant
