摘要
透过我国近十年内发生的极其严重的自然灾害事件:北京“7·21”、河北“7·19”和河南“7·20”三次特大暴雨,探究我国风险灾害危机治理的变迁规律和内在机制。本文选取与上述三次暴雨应急管理相关的中央和地方政策文件作为分析样本,运用内容分析法,从政策主体、政策工具和政策注意力三个维度对三次暴雨的灾害应对情况进行对比分析。从政策主体维度上,部门间联合发文数量较少,多元主体的合作协同力度不够;从政策工具维度上,混合型政策工具占主导地位,且比重逐渐上升,强制性政策工具则为其次,比重逐渐减少,而自愿性政策工具运用十分欠缺,政策工具结构分布不均,工具协同效应发挥不足;从政策注意力维度上,政府仍需提高对风险灾害危机管理的重视程度。研究建议从加强政策主体协同、优化政策工具结构、提高政策注意力三方面提出建议措施,以弥补我国风险灾害应急管理政策制定存在的不足之处,构建具有中国特色的风险灾害应急管理政策体系,提高全社会对风险灾害危机的治理水平。
Through the extremely serious natural disaster events in China in the past ten years:“July 21,Beijing”,“July 19,Hebei”,and“July 20,Henan”three extremely heavy rainstorm,this paper explores the change law and internal mechanism of risk disaster crisis management in China.This paper selects central and local policy documents related to the above three rainstorm emergency management as the analysis sample,and uses the content analysis method to compare and analyze the disaster response of the three rainstorm from three dimensions of policy subjects,policy tools and policy attention.From the perspective of policy subjects,the number of inter-departmental joint publications is small,and the cooperation and coordination of multiple subjects is insufficient;From the dimension of policy tools,mixed policy tools occupy the leading position,and the proportion is gradually increasing,while mandatory policy tools are the second,and the proportion is gradually decreasing.However,the use of voluntary policy tools is very deficient,the structure of policy tools is uneven,and the synergy of tools is not fully developed;From the perspective of policy attention,the government still needs to pay more attention to risk and disaster crisis management.The research suggests that suggestions and measures should be put forward from three aspects:strengthening the coordination of policy subjects,optimizing the structure of policy tools,and improving the attention of policy,in order to make up for the deficiencies in the formulation of China's risk disaster emergency management policy,build a risk disaster emergency management policy system with Chinese characteristics,and improve the governance level of the whole society to the risk disaster crisis.
作者
匡亚林
王凤
于静波
Kuang Yalin;Wang Feng;Yu Jingbo
出处
《中国应急管理科学》
2023年第4期39-54,共16页
Journal of China Emergency Management Science
基金
国家社科基金项目“基于用户画像的西部农村老年人数字社会融入困境与对策研究”(项目编号:22BSH090)阶段性研究成果
关键词
特大暴雨
风险灾害
危机治理
应急救灾
政策工具
注意力变迁
Extremely Heavy Rainstorm
Risk Disasters
Crisis Management
Emergency Relief
Policy Tools
Attentional Change
