摘要
目的以电子行业为例,探索建立适用于我国劳动者个人职业紧张检查与评估的方法。方法采用方便抽样方法,选择北京市4家电子行业企业1164名工人为研究对象。基于日本《职业性压力简易调查问卷》编制《职业紧张测量量表》,以之评估研究对象的职业紧张状况,检验量表的信度和效度。建立百分位常模和T分常模,同时采用正态分布法,以■±0.5 s和■±1.5 s对紧张反应(心理反应和身体症状)、紧张因素和社会支持3个维度的T分数进行5阶段划分,探索性提出个体紧张程度评估标准。结果通过条目分析和探索性因子分析,确定修订后的量表由57个条目组成,可解释职业紧张总变异的64.0%。验证性因子分析结果显示,模型拟合较好,近似误差均方根为0.052,标准化均方根残差为0.070,比较拟合指数为0.960,Tucker-Lewis指数为0.958。量表的Cronbach's α系数为0.951,Spearman-Brown系数为0.837;3个维度的Cronbach's α系数介于0.794~0.952之间,Spearman-Brown系数介于0.737~0.850之间。紧张反应、紧张因素、社会支持3个维度得分分别为(49.1±13.0)、(44.9±7.7)和(18.1±3.6)分。电子行业劳动者个体高度职业紧张的判定标准为符合以下任一项目者:(1)紧张反应维度得分≥72.0分;(2)紧张因素和社会支持维度得分之和≥81.0分,且紧张反应维度得分≥58.0分。结论《职业紧张测量量表》和高度职业紧张程度的判定标准可用于我国电子行业劳动者个体职业紧张程度的评估;有关方法可为我国劳动者个人职业紧张检查与评估方法的制定提供理论依据。
Objective To explore the suitable methods for individual occupational stress examination and evaluation for workers in China based on the electronics industry.Methods A total of 1164 workers from four electronics enterprises in Beijing City were selected as the research subjects using a convenient sampling method.The Occupational Stress Measurement Scale,which was developed based on the Japanese Brief Job Stress Questionnaire,was used to assess the occupational stress of the research subjects,and test the reliability and validity of the scale.Percentile norms and T-score norms were established,and the T-scores of the three dimensions of stress reaction(psychological reaction and physical symptoms),stress factors,and social support were divided into five stages using the normal distribution method with ■±0.5 s and ■±1.5 s,which was used to explore a proposed standard for assessing individual stress levels.Results The revised scale consisted of 57 items,which could explain 64.0%of the total variation of occupational stress based on the result of item analysis and exploratory factor analysis.The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model fitted well,with root mean square error of approximation of 0.052,standardized root mean square residual of 0.070,comparative fit index of 0.960,and Tucker-Lewis index of 0.958.The Cronbach's α coefficient of the scale was 0.951,and the Spearman-Brown coefficient was 0.837.Cronbach's α coefficients of the three dimensions ranged from 0.794 to 0.952,and the Spearman-Brown coefficients ranged from 0.737 to 0.850.The scores of the three dimensions of stress reaction,stress factors,and social support were(49.1±13.0),(44.9±7.7),and(18.1±3.6),respectively.Workers in the electronics industry met one of the following items were identified as the high level of occupational stress individuals:i)a score of stress reaction dimension≥72.0 points;ii)a sum of stress factor and social support dimension scores≥81.0 points,and a stress reaction dimension score≥58.0 points.Conclusion The Occupational Stress Measurement Scale and the criteria for determining high level of occupational stress can be used to assess the individual occupational stress levels of workers in the electronics industry in China.This method can provide a theoretical basis for the formulation of occupational stress examination and assessment for Chinese workers.
作者
张艳萍
阎腾龙
刘宝龙
陈青松
丁晓文
毕明丽
王会宁
李珏
ZHANG Yanping;YAN Tenglong;LIU Baolong;CHEN Qingsong;DING Xiaowen;BI Mingli;WANG Huining;LI Jue(School of Public Health,Guangdong Pharmaceutical University,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510006,China;不详)
出处
《中国职业医学》
CAS
北大核心
2023年第6期632-639,606,共9页
China Occupational Medicine
基金
北京市职业病防治研究院院长基金(YZJJ2022202)
关键词
职业紧张
电子行业
劳动者
量表
常模
评估
Occupational stress
Electronic industry
Worker
Scale
Norm
Assessment
