摘要
为研究半挂汽车列车(简称半挂汽车,下同)右转弯后视镜的失效机制,基于实车试验,探究其右转过程中轨迹盲区与右后视镜视野盲区的形成过程及其相互关系。通过引入虚拟轴建立半挂汽车右转内轮差模型,并计算模型的修正参数,确定右转轨迹盲区与转弯角度的关系、右转轨迹盲区最大宽度值,以此作为半挂汽车右转时的最小安全距离;采用车辆右转实车试验验证内轮差形成过程,并构建其右转弯过程中右侧后视镜可视车长与转弯角度的关系模型,进而得到轨迹盲区与右后视镜视野盲区随转弯角度变化的关系;基于右转弯盲区事故中半挂汽车不同部位碰撞伤亡情况的统计,建立右后视镜可视车长与事故危险程度的评价指标,结合右转弯盲区范围与右后视镜可视车长关系提出有效的右后视镜补盲建议。研究结果表明:通过引入虚拟轴优化了半挂汽车右转内轮差计算模型,得到其修正参数为0.8;半挂汽车在路口右转过程中,内轮差盲区随牵引车与挂车夹角的增大而增大,当牵引车与挂车夹角大于28.8°时,右后视镜可视车长恰好达到挂车车尾端边缘,此后右侧后视镜视野逐渐进入内轮差盲区而失效;当牵引车与挂车夹角达到63.44°时,内轮差盲区径向宽度达到最大值,约为4.4 m,可视车长仅为3.22 m,右后视镜视野失效严重;在车辆右转过程中,可视车长小于2L/5时(L为实际车长),最大危险系数为0.7,此时,若维持正常驾驶,右侧后视镜视野需补盲的角度为41°。将后视镜与摄像装置有机结合能有效地减少后视镜视野盲区,降低交通事故率。
In order to study the failure mechanism of semi-trailer train rearview mirror during right-turn, the formation process and interactive relationship of the blind area of trajectory and the blind spot of right rearview mirror were researched based on the actual vehicle test. The semi-trailer train right-turn inner wheel difference model was established by introducing virtual axis with calculation of its correction parameters. The relationship between blind area of right-turn trajectory and turning angle was determined. The maximum width of right-turn blind area was obtained as the minimum safe distance for semi-trailer train right-turn. The trajectory formation process was verified by adaptation of right-turn the actual vehicle test. The relationship model of right rearview mirror visual vehicle length and semi-trailer train turning angle in the right-turning process was established. Meanwhile, the interrelationship between trajectory blind area and turning angle field blind area was obtained. The evaluation index system of right rearview mirror visual vehicle length and accident risk degree was established through the statistical analysis of collision positions in semi-trailer train right-turn accidents, combining with the blind area range and visual length, the effective blind replacement system was also proposed. The results show that the model of right-turn inner wheel difference of semi-trailer train is optimized by introducing virtual axis, and correction parameter is 0.8. The blind area of inner wheel difference increases with increase of the angle between tractor and trailer during semi-trailer train right-turn process at road intersection. While the angle between tractor and trailer is larger than 28.8°, the visible length of trailer’s right rearview mirror reaches trailer rear edge. Afterward, the visual field of right rearview mirror gradually enters the blind area of inner wheel difference. While the angle between tractor and trailer reaches 63.44°, the radial width of blind area of inner wheel difference reaches the maximum, which is approximately 4.4 m, and the vehicle visual length is only 3.22 m. In the process of vehicle turning right, when the vehicle visual length is less than 2L/5, where L is the actually vehicle visual length, the maximum risk coefficient is 0.7. If normal driving was maintained, the angle of right rearview mirror to fill the blindness is 41°. The combination of rearview mirror and camera can effectively reduce the rearview mirror blind area and traffic accident rate. 3 tabs, 12 figs, 31 refs.
作者
王清洲
王南南
黄玉满
栾海敏
WANG Qing-zhou;WANG Nan-nan;HUANG Yu-man;LUAN Hai-min(School of Civil and Transportation Engineering,Hebei University of Technology,Tianjin 300401,China)
出处
《长安大学学报（自然科学版）》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第2期117-126,共10页
Journal of Chang’an University(Natural Science Edition)
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(51908187)
关键词
交通工程
交通安全
半挂汽车右转
内轮差
右后视镜视野盲区
traffic engineering
traffic safety
rearview mirror of semi-trailer right-turn
inner wheel difference
blind area of right rearview mirror vision
