摘要
唐代的元帅是一种军职。《新唐书·百官志四下》记载元帅的职能是“掌征伐,兵罢则省”[1]。“掌征伐”,则元帅的职能是统兵出征;“兵罢则省”,则元帅的性质是差遣。唐代大部分元帅的实际职能与上述文献记载是吻合的。但在肃、代、德三朝,部分元帅的职能发生了很大变化,在原有的“征讨型元帅”之外,又产生了“镇抚型元帅”。
The general function of the Tang Dynasty marshals was to lead troops on expeditions,and their tenure was short,with only the military under their jurisdiction and no area under their jurisdiction.After the An-shi Rebellion,the functions of some marshals changed,with their main functions becoming to guard,to defend,and to pacify specific areas.This type of marshal is the garrison marshals.They have served for a long time and administering an area composed of several Fangzhen,and the marshal himself serves as the chief of one of the Fangzhen,making it as a directly administered regions.From Emperor Suzong to Emperor Dezong in the Tang Dynasty,nine garrison marshals were appointed,namely Henan Deputy Marshal,Hebei Deputy Marshal,Guannei Deputy Marshal,Hedong Deputy Marshal,Shanjian Deputy Marshal,Helong Deputy Marshal,Fengxiang Jingyuan Deputy Marshal,Hedong Baoning Fengcheng Jun Deputy Marshal,and Shuofang Hezhong Binning Deputy Marshal.The background of the appearance of the garrison marshal was the local crisis caused by the An-Shi Rebellion and the Jianzhong Rebellion.In the absence of institutional response mechanisms,the Tang court selected important officials to garrison the place under the title of“Deputy Marshal”and entrusted them with great power as a temporary means of responding to the crisis,which also means that the existence of the garrison marshals will not be very long.
