摘要
湿地在维护生态、气候与淡水等多方面安全上意义重大。湿地作为重要的生态系统之一,在维护人类生态系统稳定方面具有独特的生态功能,成为重要的自然资源,为人类提供丰富的物质、信息和文化等产品与服务。但当前中国湿地面积减少、功能退化和生物多样性锐减等问题突出,湿地生态安全问题形势严峻。研究从生态学视角出发,运用GIS空间分析技术,探究影响湿地生态敏感性的关键因子并综合评价了黑龙江双鸭山市湿地生态敏感性并划定分区。研究结果表明,高程、河流、生物多样性、道路、土地利用与土地覆被是影响湿地生态敏感性的重要因子。双鸭山湿地生态敏感性共分极敏感区、高度敏感区、轻度敏感区和不敏感区四个区。针对各分区提出相应的保护措施,极敏感区应该建立健全湿地管理长效机制,加大湿地生物多样性保护力度,保持天然湿地的原始性,减少人为干扰和开发;高度敏感区应该加强水土流失治理,加大生态恢复和植被保护,采用河流生态恢复工程进行恢复,治理水体污染及恢复周边湿地植被;轻度敏感区应该加大水源涵养林、水土保持林建设,形成南部和北部的生态安全屏障;不敏感区应该注重生态环境保护,防止湿地下降和湿地污染。本研究成果将在理论上丰富现有湿地生态安全理论,实践上可为政府制定湿地生态安全决策提供依据。
Wetland is of great significance in maintaining ecological,climate and freshwater security.As one of the important ecosystems,wetland has unique ecological functions in maintaining the stability of human ecosystems,becomes important natural resources,and provides human beings with rich materials,information,and cultural products and services.However,there are currently many problems in China’s wetlands,such as wetland area reduction,functional degradation and sharp decline in biodiversity.The situation of wetland ecological security is grim.From the perspective of ecology,the research used GIS spatial analysis technology to explore the key factors affecting the ecological sensitivity of wetlands,and comprehensively evaluated the ecological sensitivity of wetlands in Shuangyashan City,Heilongjiang,and demarcates the zones.The results show that elevation,rivers,biodiversity,roads,land use and land cover are important factors affecting the ecological sensitivity of wetlands.The ecological sensitivity of Shuangyashan Wetland is divided into four areas:extremely sensitive area,highly sensitive area,mildly sensitive area and insensitive area.The study proposes corresponding protection measures for the four districts.In extremely sensitive areas,establish and improve a long-term mechanism for wetland management,increase the protection of wetland biodiversity,maintain the original nature of natural wetlands,and reduce human interference and development.In highly sensitive areas,strengthen soil erosion control,increase ecological restoration and vegetation protection,use river ecological restoration projects for restoration,water pollution control and restoration of surrounding wetland vegetation.In mildly sensitive areas,increase the construction of water conservation forests and soil and water conservation forests to form ecological security barriers in the south and north.In insensitive areas,pay attention to ecological protection and prevent wetland decline and wetland pollution.The research results will enrich the existing wetland ecological security theories,and provide a basis for the government to make wetland ecological security decisions in practice.
作者
石小亮
徐晓伟
SHI Xiao-liang;XU Xiao-wei(College of Economics and Management,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110161,Liaoning Province,China;Dongcheng Sub-district Office,Hongshan District of Chifeng City,Chifeng 024000,Inner Mongolia,China)
出处
《沈阳农业大学学报（社会科学版）》
2021年第5期564-570,共7页
Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University(Social Sciences Edition)
基金
辽宁省社会科学规划基金项目“湿地生态安全要素作用机理及预警研究”(L17CGLO08)
辽宁省教育厅科学研究经费项目“辽宁省湿地资源生态经济可持续发展评价指数构建研究”(WSNJC202035)
沈阳农业大学博士后科研启动基金“双台河口湿地生态系统碳储量价值评估及管理研究”(770218007)
沈阳农业大学经济管理学院国家基金培育项目“湿地生态安全要素作用机理及预警研究”(JGPY20170203)
关键词
寒冷地区
湿地
生态敏感性
地理信息系统
双鸭山市
cold areas
wetland
ecological sensitivity
Geographic Information System(GIS)
Shuangyashan City
