摘要
半个多世纪以来,美国平权运动一直处于"改变但不结束"的状态。在维权优待平等的曲折进程中,平权运动不断调整方向,以实现推进社会公正与机会平等、增进政治认同的目标。一方面,平权运动部分矫正了社会歧视,补偿了弱势群体,实现了多元化社会;另一方面,它对美国人的政治认同产生了深刻影响,导致国家权力扩张,国家整体性认同断崖式下滑,引发"权利泛化",政治认同陷入"部落化"僵局,拉低了社会的智识标准,加剧了政治认同两极化趋势。平权运动加速了美国人身份认同的建构过程,旨在强调少数群体利益的身份政治成为撕裂政治认同的重要推手。
For more than half a century,the affirmative action in the United States has been in a state of"changing but not ending."In the tortuous process of"rights protection"-"preferential treatment"-"equality",the affirmative action has continuously adjusted its policy direction in order to realize its original intention of promoting social justice and equal opportunities,and enhancing political identity.On the one hand,the affirmative action partially corrected social discrimination,compensated disadvantaged groups,and introduced a diversified society.On the other hand,the affirmative action has had a negative impact on Americans’political identity:the affirmative action policies have led to the expansion of federal power,and the national identity has fallen precipitously;the demonstration effect of the affirmative action has led to"generalization of rights"and political identity has fallen into a"tribalization"deadlock;the affirmative action has lowered the intellectual standards of the society,and political consensus is difficult to build;and the spillover effect of the affirmative action has exacerbated the trend of polarization of political identity.The advancement of the affirmative action has accelerated the process of constructing the American"identity politics".This"identity politics"aiming at emphasizing the interests of minorities has become an important driving force in tearing apart political identity.
出处
《史学月刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第9期98-105,共8页
Journal of Historical Science
关键词
美国
平权运动
政治认同
身份政治
The United States
Affirmative Action
Political Identity
Identity Politics
