摘要
20世纪80年代以来,越来越多的国家在立法机关选举中实行了性别配额制度,妇女在政治决策过程中的代表性和影响力得以逐步提升。对此,既有研究从不同角度解释该制度为何在全球扩散。通过对1989—2018年149个国家数据的事件史分析,作者检验了国内经济因素对一国实行性别配额制度的影响,发现经济危机的发生显著提高了一国在立法机关实行性别配额制度的可能性:一方面,经济危机存在性别分配效应,女性受到的经济冲击更大,这进一步暴露并加剧了社会中的性别不平等问题。受到失业冲击的女性因此被组织起来,通过体制内外的政治途径寻求更平等的性别待遇。另一方面,性别配额制度也可能是国内政治精英在面临经济危机时做出的策略性选择,通过承诺推动政治决策中的性别平等以争取民众的选票和支持。印度尼西亚的案例展现了该国从经济危机爆发到实行性别配额制度的过程,展示了不同机制发挥作用的具体逻辑。
Since the 1980 s,more and more countries have implemented gender quotas in legislative elections,and women’s representation and influence in political decisionmaking have gradually increased.Existing studies explain why gender quotas in the legislature spread globally from different perspectives.This article analyzes the impact of domestic economic factors on the implementation of gender quotas through the event history analysis of 149 countries from 1989 to 2018.This paper finds that the economic crisis has significantly increased the likelihood that a country will introduce gender quotas in the legislature:the gender distributional effects of the economic crisis and the greater economic impact on women have further exposed and exacerbated gender inequalities in society,and women who have been hit by unemployment have been organized to seek more equal gender treatment through both institutional and non-institutional political channels.At the same time,it may also be a strategic choice made by domestic political elites in the face of economic crisis to win popular votes and support by committing to promoting gender equality in political decision-making.The paper also takes a comprehensive look at the case of Indonesia,from the onset of the economic crisis to the introduction of gender quotas,and demonstrates the specific logic of the different mechanisms at play in the country.
作者
韩冬临
杜钧天
Han Donglin;Du Juntian(School of International Relations,Renmin University;School of Public Policy and Management,Tsinghua University)
出处
《世界经济与政治》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第2期105-133,159,共30页
World Economics and Politics
基金
国家社会科学基金一般项目“新时代人民需求变化实证研究”(项目批准号:18BZZ079)的阶段性研究成果
关键词
性别配额
政策扩散
经济危机
性别平等
女性参政
gender quota
policy diffusion
economic crisis
gender equality
women’s politial participation
