摘要
当代汉语中的"小"已经副词化,并在偏小量程度副词系统中起着重要作用。本文通过对单双音节"稍微"类副词和"有点"的功能辨析,区分出低量程度副词和减量程度副词。"小"与"稍、略"的功能最接近,只是语体色彩不同。与同为口语色彩的"有点"相比,"小"作为低量程度副词,填补了"有点"在客观表达、未然时态表达中的空位;作为减量程度副词,可修饰低量动作,填补"有点"只可修饰带量状态的空位。本文还考察了21种语言中可修饰积极意义A/V的低量程度副词,其不同的情况说明礼貌原则的语言文化差异性,对内谦逊准则促使汉语完善偏小量程度表达,激发了程度副词"小"的产生。
The word xiao in modern Chinese has been used as an adverb and plays an important role in the diminutive-degree adverb system.Low-degree adverbs and decreased-degree adverbs are distinguished by way of functional analysis of youdian versus shaowei group adverbs(both monosyllabic and disyllabic).Xiao has similar functions with shao and lüe,but they are different in style.Comparing with youdian,which is also typical of colloquial Chinese,low-degree adverb xiao can be used in objectivity expression and future tense expression,and decreased-adverb xiao can be used to modify low-degree actions,while youdian can only be used to modify the status with degree.The low-degree adverbs used to modify A/V with positive senses in 21 languages are then studied,by which the language and cultural difference in terms of the Politeness Principle are illustrated.The Internal Modesty Maxim of the Politeness Principle promotes the diminutive-degree expression in Chinese and motivates the emergence of the degree adverb xiao.
出处
《世界汉语教学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第3期348-361,共14页
Chinese Teaching in the World
基金
国家社会科学基金(项目编号:18BYY175)
北京市社会科学基金(项目编号:20YYB014)
北京语言大学校级科研项目(中央高校基本科研业务专项资金)(项目编号:21YJ010301)的资助
关键词
程度副词
偏小量
“小”
低量
减量
degree adverbs
diminutive-degree adverbs
xiao
low-degree adverbs
decreased-degree adverbs
