摘要
使用西方哲学概念在西方哲学框架下对“道”这一《老子》文本中最重要的关键词的解释,既脱离了《老子》的文本语境,也脱离了道家思想得以产生的宗教礼制语境。考古发现和以此为基础对古代社会的重建,为我们从宗教礼制的背景下理解《老子》和《老子》的“道”提供了重要的条件。《老子》以及《老子》“道”之思想,与儒家思想一样,都是对东周时期“礼崩乐坏”局面的回应,贵生重己、长生久视是其追求的最重要的目标。为达到这一目标,《老子》选择的是“早啬”一途,是通过禁欲收敛回归原初、与产生万物的“混成”之物合而为一。在《老子》的文本里,“道”、“母”、“牝”、“谷”等词,本是作为万物本源不可言说的“混成”之物的喻体。在道家思想发展的过程中,作为喻体的阴性指称,就在方术和早期道家的语境中与所比喻的本体发生了融合,甚至取代了本体成为万物的本源。“道”的存在论与形而上的意义就是这样被赋予的。
To understand Dao of the Laozi conceptualized in Western philosophical framework is misleading for it not only detaches Dao from its original context,but also ignores its ritual and religious background in which early Daoist ideas grew.The reconstruction of early societies and their development based on recent archaeological finds sheds great light on our understanding of the Laozi and its keyword Dao in early Chinese ritual and religious context.Like early Confucian thought,the thinking of the Laozi and its Dao also resulted from the Eastern Zhou response to the decline of ritual propriety formed in previous periods.This new thinking emphasizes the quality of individual life and pursues personal longevity.To achieve these goals,the Laozi promotes the way of self-regulation,that is,to suppress one's desire and return to one's origin in order to integrate oneself with the unspeakable origin giving birth to him.Such words as Dao,the Mother,the Vagina,and the Valley in the Laozi constitute the vehicles and the unspeakable origin of the world,the tenor of the simile that explains it.The female vehicles conflated with and even replaced the tenor,the unspeakable origin of the world,during the development of early Daoist thinking in its fangshu(recipes and techniques)context,and consequently was tinted with the color of ontology and metaphysics.
出处
《思想与文化》
2022年第2期95-138,共44页
Thought & Culture
关键词
道
牝
《老子》
宗教礼制
道家思想
Dao
The Vagina
The Laozi
Ritual and religion
Daoist thought
