摘要
馆客,也称塾客、馆师,是宋代社会中食客的一种,通过训导东家子弟赚取束脩,集教师与门客双重身份于一身。与自聚生徒授书的专职塾师相比,馆客的日常生活呈现出不同的样貌。馆客多长期寓居于东家,饮食起居、日常活动都在东家进行。平均而言,他们收入微薄,教学辛苦,在课余时要兼顾自课。除此之外,寄寓生活的特性迫使馆客必须应对与主人及其家眷的人际关系问题,其中,与主人的交往方式,最能够体现出馆客的品行、观念与社会地位。宋代笔记、小说中关于馆客与女性、精魅的两性情感故事,反映出馆客在感情生活中苦闷与孤寂的一面。馆客的日常生活,处处体现出他们对为客之道与为师之道的探寻。
Guan-ke(馆客),also known as Shu-ke(塾客)or Guan-shi(馆师),was a kind of hangers-on of the Song Dynasty.They earned their living by teaching hosts’children,so they were both teachers and hangers--on.Compared with the professional tutors,the daily life of the Guan-ke took on different look.Firstly,Guan-ke lived in their hosts'home for a long time,eating,living and daily activities were carried out in there.On average,they were poorly paid,worked hard and took care of their own study in their spare time.Secondly,the characteristics of lodging life forced Guan-ke to deal with the interpersonal relationship with the host and their families.The way of communication with the host could best show Guan-ke's morality,concept and social status.Finally,the love stories about Guan-ke and women or evil spirits in the notes and novels of Song Dynasty reflected the depression and loneliness of Guan-ke in their emotional life.The daily life of Guan-ke reflected their exploration of the way of being a guest and a teacher.
作者
杨林颖
铁爱花
Yang Linying;Tie Aihua
出处
《中国社会历史评论》
2022年第2期57-68,297-298,共14页
Chinese Social History Review
基金
江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划项目“宋代馆客的日常生活研究”(项目号:KYCX21_2922)的阶段性成果
