摘要
在现代风险社会,司法如何通过制度架构有效预防个人信息公共安全风险是一个重要的法治命题。通过预防性司法制度应对个人信息公共安全风险,既是履行个人信息国家保护义务的主动选择,也是因应个人信息社会公共利益风险治理体系建设的客观需要。预防性个人信息保护民事公益诉讼制度的确立需要从现行保护模式入手,公共执法模式与传统诉讼补救模式在个人信息公共安全风险的防控上均存在明显的结构性缺陷,不能对个人信息社会公共利益予以周延保护。为完善个人信息社会公共利益风险治理体系,总体层面应当注重从自我控制到公共治理的转变趋势,并促进保护模式从补偿性到预防性的制度延伸;具体层面需要逐步确立“高风险”的法律基准和检察机关处于诉权主体的优先顺位,以及对诉前程序、证明责任和责任承担方式等方面的具体规则进行调整或更新。
In a modern risk-based society,how to effectively prevent the public security risks of personal information through the institutional structure of the judiciary is an important proposition of the rule of law.Dealing with public security risks of personal information through a preventive judicial system is not only an active choice to fulfill the national obligation to protect personal information,but also an objective need to respond to the construction of a governance system for public interest risks in a society that protects personal information.The establishment of the preventive civil public interest litigation for the protection of personal information needs to start from the existing mode of protection,and public enforcement mode and traditional litigation remedial mode in the prevention and control of the public security risks of personal information have some obvious structural defects and cannot provide comprehensive protection for social public interests from personal information.In order to improve the governance system of public interest risks in a society that protects personal information,overall attention should be paid to the trend of transitioning from self-control to public governance,and to promote the extension of protection models from compensatory to preventive systems;at a specific level,it is necessary to gradually establish legal standards for“high risk”and prioritize the prosecution as the subject of litigation rights,as well as adjust or update specific rules in areas such as pre-trial procedures,burden of proof,and ways of assuming responsibility.
出处
《法制与社会发展》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第2期104-124,共21页
Law and Social Development
基金
国家社会科学基金西部项目“全球人权治理视域下我国无障碍公益诉讼制度研究”(22XFX001)
三亚市法学会法学研究课题“诉源治理视域下预防性个人信息检察公益诉讼研究”(syfxh202302)的阶段性成果。
关键词
个人信息保护
预防性民事公益诉讼
个人信息公共安全风险
风险预防
Protection of Personal Information
Preventive Civil Public Interest Litigation
Public Security Risks of Personal Information
Risk Prevention
