摘要
为探索盐渍化地区控释肥水氮耦合效应及优化组合方案,提高水氮利用效率,减少硝态氮流失,2019年和2020年在河套灌区开展了控释肥施用农田不同水氮配比试验,研究了盐渍化地区向日葵产量和水氮利用效率对控释肥与传统肥料的响应差异,以及控释肥不同水氮配比对向日葵产量和水氮利用效率的影响,构建了向日葵经济效益与水氮交互作用的数学回归模型,并优化了水氮组合方案。结果表明:与传统肥料相比,控释肥处理产量、氮肥农学利用率、氮肥偏生产力和灌溉水生产效率平均增加了13.89%、46.42%、13.61%和13.62%(P<0.05),收获指数差异不显著(P>0.05)。控释肥施用条件下,不同水氮处理交互作用明显,控水灌溉限制了氮素利用,充分灌溉条件下向日葵产量、氮肥农学利用效率和氮肥偏生产力平均增长了21.87%、80.89%和21.53%;低氮同样降低了水分利用效率,从低氮到中氮,向日葵产量和灌溉水生产效率平均增长了14.83%和15.35%,从中氮到高氮平均增长了3.86%和3.43%。2年最高产量均为高水高氮处理,分别为3943.5、3788.7 kg/hm^(2)。控释肥施用条件下,灌水量、施氮量与向日葵经济效益之间符合二元二次回归模型,2年预测经济效益与实际经济效益决定系数R^(2)均为0.99,通过主因素分析,经济效益随施氮量的增加先增加后减小,通过模拟寻优及综合各项指标分析,控释肥充分灌溉条件下中氮水平经济效益在18000~21000元/hm^(2)之间,是本试验最优处理,在增产的同时可以减少氮素流失。研究可为河套灌区向日葵种植、减少农田面源污染提供技术参考。
In order to explore the salinization area controlled release nitrogen fertilizer coupling effect and optimum combination plan,improve the utilization efficiency of water and nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen loss reduction,a test of controlled release fertilizer application fields with different water and nitrogen ratios was conducted in 2019 and 2020 in Hetao Irrigation District,and the salinization of sunflower water yield and nitrogen use efficiency of controlled release fertilizer and traditional fertilizer were investigated.The effects of different water and nitrogen ratios of controlled release fertilizer on sunflower yield and water and nitrogen use efficiency were explored,and the mathematical regression model of interaction between economic benefit and water and nitrogen was established,and the water and nitrogen combination scheme was optimized.The results showed as follows:compared with traditional fertilizer,yield,nitrogen agronomic efficiency,partial nitrogen productivity and irrigation water efficiency of controlled release fertilizer were increased by 13.89%,46.42%,13.61%and 13.62%on average(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference in harvest index(P>0.05).Under controlled release fertilizer application,the interaction of different water and nitrogen treatments was obvious,and controlled irrigation limited nitrogen use efficiency.Sunflower yield,nitrogen fertilizer agricultural utilization efficiency and nitrogen fertilizer partial productivity were increased by 21.87%,80.89%and 21.53%,respectively.Low N also reduced water use efficiency.From low N to medium N,sunflower yield and irrigation water use efficiency were increased by 14.83%and 15.35%on average,and from medium N to high N it was increased by 3.86%and 3.43%on average,respectively.The maximum yields in 2 a were 3943.5 kg/hm^(2)and 3788.7 kg/hm^(2)under high water and high nitrogen treatments,respectively.Under the condition of controlled release fertilizer application,the relationship between irrigation amount,nitrogen application amount and economic benefit of sunflower was in line with binary quadratic regression model.The determination coefficient R^(2)of the predicted economic benefit and actual economic benefit in two years was 0.99.Through principal factor analysis,economic benefit was increased first and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application amount.Under the condition of full irrigation of controlled release fertilizer,the economic benefit of medium nitrogen level was between 18000 yuan/hm^(2)and 21000 yuan/hm^(2),which was the optimal treatment in this experiment.It can increase yield and reduce nitrogen loss,and provide technical reference for sunflower planting and reducing farmland non-point source pollution in Hetao Irrigation District.
作者
李仙岳
辛懋鑫
史海滨
闫建文
赵春燕
郝云凤
LI Xianyue;XIN Maoxin;SHI Haibin;YAN Jianwen;ZHAO Chunyan;HAO Yunfeng(College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Huhhot 010018,China;Bayannur Institute of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Research,Bayannur 015000,China)
出处
《农业机械学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第8期397-406,共10页
Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery
基金
内蒙古自治区科技重大专项(zdzx2018059)
国家自然科学基金项目(52079064、51969024)
关键词
向日葵
控释肥
水氮耦合
产量
水氮利用效率
回归模型
sunflower
controlled-release fertilizer
water nitrogen coupling
yield
water and fertilizer utilization efficiency
regression model
