摘要
现代医院作为治疗身/心疾病的主要场所之一,治疗是以病理和病情“诊断”为标志,然而当前“亚健康”人群不断增多,一些人有病痛症状但并不符合其“诊断”标准。以川东一家三甲医院的骨科门诊及养生院为田野点,参与观察后发现“做身体”是另一种治疗和缓解身体病痛的途径,在“做”的过程中体现出现代医院之外的治疗转向和行动逻辑。同时发现生物医学(现代医学)的“退场”和传统养生文化的回归,表明了传统的身体观并没有完全被现代医学知识所取代,中医身体观和西医身体观本是两种不同的本体视角,而中国人在日常实践中是中医和西医观念和实践混杂的状态,这种混杂的状态既是医学治疗内容差异造成的,同时也是人们根据经验自己获得的身体实践,是独属于当今中国人的混杂的身体实践方式。
In modern society,when people suffer from diseases,most of them will take modern hospitals as one of the main fields to treat their physical/mental diseases.The“treatment”is the main way in a modern hospital-and the start of a“treatment”is usually marked by a clear“diagnosis”of the disease and pathology.However,at present,the number of the“sub-healthy”population is increasing.Although these people have obvious physical symptoms,they do not meet the clinical“diagnosis”criteria set by modern hospitals,which means that these people will not be able to get effective and clear diagnosis and treatment in modern hospitals.Therefore,some of these people begin to seek other ways of treatment that are different from modern hospitals.Taking an orthopedic clinic and a local health care center in eastern Sichuan as the fieldwork site,and using a methodology of long-term participatory observation,this research investigated how these“sub-healthy”people search for treatment outside modern hospitals.This research finds that for some people with symptoms of physical illness,zuoshenti(doing/massaging body)is their way to treat and alleviate physical pain in the health care center.In the process of zuo,it reflects not only how these people seek treatment outside modern hospitals but also their action logic.It could be said that zuoshenti provides an alternative way of medical treatment for the disease or“sub-healthy”problems that cannot be cured in modern hospitals.This paper proposes that these people’s spatial transition from“hospital to health care center”reflects not only a practical way or disease prevention path contributed by the traditional health-keeping culture to the non-drug treated body,but also the“departure”of modern hospitals and the return of health care culture.Although western medicine has taken a powerful position in modern hospitals,its“index-based diagnosis”method cannot provide people with all effective help,moreover,its“cutoff treatment”method only“appears”when the disease occurs.The return of traditional culture has provided a path for both the body and culture,and has filled its“absent”position in the range beyond the reach of modern medicine.With the continuous penetration of science and technology into various fields,the traditional health care mode has also changed.However,the reason why people change their health care mode is not entirely due to their belief and worship of science and technology.The investigation shows that it is still affected by the subtle“human relationship”.Customers are brought into the new path of health care because of the trust and emotion cultivated for many years between them and the health care center owner.And the traditional Chinese medicine health preservation culture,therefore,has also a more realistic and specific reason to be inherited in a specific time and space.Returning to the ontological thinking,we find that the view of body in traditional Chinese medicine and the Western medicine are different originally,however,Chinese people’s concept and practice of traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine are mixed together in their daily practice.This mixed state is not only caused by the differences in the medical treatment,but also the body practice acquired from people’s experience-It is a kind of mixed physical practice that belongs to the Chinese people today.
作者
李冬阳
Li Dongyang(School of Marxism,North Sichuan Medical College,Nanchong,637100,Sichuan,China)
出处
《民族学刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第1期122-130,144,共10页
Journal of Ethnology
基金
西南民族大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金“医学人类学视野下川北女性剖宫产行为研究”(编号:2019YYXS03)
四川省基层卫生事业发展研究中心课题“创新基层医疗机构管理模式研究:基于南部县医疗纠纷的调研”(编号:SWFZ17-Y-29)阶段性成果
关键词
医学人类学
身体实践
生物医学
传统文化
亚健康
medical anthropology
body practice
biomedicine
traditional culture
sub-health
