摘要
习惯与法律原本没有区分,习惯就是法律,法律就是习惯。从习惯法到成文法,再到法典法,这是法律演变的基本规律。中世纪是习惯法的世纪,这个时期的西欧实际上是一个习惯法的海洋。在法兰西,形成了南部的成文法区和北部的习惯法区长期对峙的局面。习惯法的模糊性、复杂性和混乱性,使高扬人文主义的习惯法学家们忍无可忍。他们在研究罗马法中,发现了法典化或罗马法化是法律发展的唯一前途。习惯法必须走向罗马法。于是,在15-18世纪,以迪穆林和朴蒂埃为代表的习惯法学家,对习惯法展开了私人注释和汇编。尤其是朴蒂埃将罗马法、自然法和教会法融为一体。习惯法学家的汇编行动,得到了君主和“省三级”的一致认可和支持,最终为声势浩大的法典编纂运动奠定了坚实基础。1804年,随着《法国民法典》的颁布实施,习惯法在民法典中获得了与制定法同等的法源地位,这标志着习惯法法典化的完成。法国习惯法的法典化过程,对当代中国习惯法与民间法的发展,具有“不可忽视”的借鉴作用。
There is no distinction between custom and law.Custom is law,and law is custom.From customary law to statutory law,to code law,this is the basic law of legal evolution.The Middle Ages was the century of customary law,and Western Europe in this period was actually a sea of customary law.In France,there has been a long-term confrontation between the statutory law area in the south and the customary law area in the north.The fuzziness,complexity and chaos of customary law were beyond endurance to the customary jurists who advocated humanism.In their research on Roman law,they found that codification or Roman legalization was the only future for legal development.Customary law must move towards Roman law.Thus,in the 15 th to 18 th centuries,customary jurists represented by Dumoulin and Pothier developed private annotations and compilations of customary law.In particular,Pothier integrated Roman law,natural law and canon law.The compilation actions of the customary jurists were unanimously recognized and supported by the monarch and"provincial three-classes",and finally laid a solid foundation for the mighty codification movement.In 1804,with the issuance and implementation of the"French Civil Code",customary law gained the same legal source status as statutory law in the civil code.This marks the completion of the codification of customary law.The process of codification of French customary law has a"non-negligible"reference for the development of contemporary Chinese customary law and folk law.
出处
《民间法》
2022年第1期140-156,共17页
关键词
习惯法
法典化
习惯法学家
《法国民法典》
customary law
codification
customary jurists
"French Civil Code"
