摘要
公司的分支机构以自己名义对外提供担保,担保合同的效力判断取决于适法授权和相对人善意的认定,其正当性可通过代理制度解释。《民法典担保解释》确立了分支机构对外担保的一般规则和担保公司、金融机构分支机构的特别规则,弥补了既往制度的诸多不足,但在解释论上仍存在讨论空间。既往裁判经验对于完善现行法体系下该制度的解释论具有较大价值。《民法典担保解释》所确立的一般规则为,适法授权以《公司法》第16条规定的公司机关决议为必要,相对人根据公司章程的指引对相应机关决议尽到形式审查义务为善意;仅当无适法授权且相对人非善意时,担保合同无效。担保公司、金融机构的分支机构由于通常主营业务的特殊性而被赋予特别规则,主要在于适法授权之要求不同;其中,将金融机构分支机构对外担保区分为保函和保函以外的担保分别规定,具有必要性和合理性。
Where a branch of a company externally gives a guarantee in its own name,the validity of the guarantee contract is decided by the existence of lawful authority and good faith of the opposite party,which can be justified by the agency rules.Interpretation of the Application of the Relevant Guarantee System of the Civil Code establishes general provisions on the branch’s externally giving a guarantee and special provisions targeting at a branch of a financial institution and a branch of a guarantee company.Provisions of the new interpretation has modified several legal flaws of the previous one but are still open to academic interpretation.Judicial precedents are of great value in improving the interpretation theory of this system under the current law system.General provisions are established that,a lawfully authorized resolution should meet the requirements of article 16 of Company Law,and the opposite party who has evidence of its reasonably formal examination of the given institution’s resolution according to the bylaw is regarded as acting in good faith.The guarantee contract is invalid only when neither a lawful authority is provided nor the opposite party acts in good faith.Provisions for the branch of a financial institution and the branch of a guarantee company are mainly specialized in the requirement of authority as their special nature of business scope.And the distinction between a letter of guarantee and a guarantee other than a letter of guarantee issued by the branch of a financial institution is necessary and reasonable.
出处
《贸大法律评论》
2022年第1期186-198,共13页
Uibe Legal Science
关键词
分支机构
对外担保
公司授权
善意
担保合同效力
Branch of a Company
Provide Externally Guarantee
Authority
Good Faith
Validity of the Guarantee Contract
