摘要
如何促进高校技术转移是一个世界性难题,国内外学界对此开展了大量研究工作。以高校技术转移研究的中外比较为主线,运用文献计量分析方法,基于1980—2020年国内和域外2975篇文献系统梳理高校技术转移理论研究进程与国际比较,剖析技术转移全过程中教师主导的成果披露、高校主导的转化交易、政府主导的权益激励的热点议题。结果表明:过去40年高校技术转移研究呈现出美国、欧洲、中国三强局面,议题设置上存在显著差异;中外比较分析发现美欧学者是在市场经济规则下开展科学性与普适性的议题研究,侧重使用市场机制解决微观主体的经济决策优化问题;中国的研究则聚焦宏观公共政策和本土化实践,主要借助非市场化的激励型政策工具;同时,面向高校技术转移全过程的微观主体行为策略研究正在成为新的热点。我国关于高校技术转移的研究对比美国和欧洲虽然起步稍晚,但是已经具备赶上甚至超越的优势。未来,开展高校技术转移研究需要兼顾客观规律性与中国特殊国情,应基于“问题—目标—手段”的分析框架,聚集教师、高校、政府三个研究维度开展全过程研究。
How to improve the performance of university technology transfer has become a hot topic and worldwide problem.Since the enactment of the Bayh Dole Act in 1980 in the United States,university technology transfer has been a hot research area in academia of various countries in the past 40 years.It is time to make a literature review to reconsider where university technology transfer originated and where it is going.Although home and abroad scholars have carried out a lot of researches on this issue,there is still no unified consensus on the connotation and extension of university technology transfer.In addition,due to the different basic economic systems and development stages of each country,the core issues of domestic scholars differ to some extent from the international mainstream scholars,and how to balance the scientific and local practicality of the issues has become a problem that cannot be ignored.With the main line of Chinese and foreign comparison of university technology transfer research,systematically sort out the core issues in the field of university technology transfer research at home and abroad and summarize the research frontiers,in order to provide directional reference for future university technology transfer research and practice in China.In order to answer this question,adopted the literature measurement analysis method,using"university technology transfer"as only key word,collected 2975studies from the database of Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure and Web of Science published during the period from January 1st,1980 to October 31st,2020,analysis of author distribution,journal distribution,literature chronology and keyword clustering mapping was carried out by Citespace software to systematically sort out the theoretical research process,research hot-spots and international comparison of university technology transfer.In the process of technology transfer,the research reviewed three parts of previous studies,including faculty invention disclosure,university technology transfer process,and related public policies.The research on university technology transfer in the past 40 years demonstrated that American,European and Chinese scholars dominate the research in this field,even their research topic has many differences that cannot be ignored.The comparative research indicated that the research of American and European is more science and universality,focusing on solving the problem of optimizing economic decisions of micro subjects under the market mechanism.In contrast,Chinese research mainly focused on public policy designing and localization practice.Comparing the development history of China and the United States and Europe,China started later than them,with a weak science and technology foundation and a slow formation of market mechanism,so there is an obvious lag in the setting of issues.The objective pattern of university technology transfer in shows that the research path of technology transfer in the world has gone through the main changes of"Foreign Direct Investment-Intergovernmental Technology Trade and Cooperation-University Technology Transfer"and the object development of"ICT Technology-Biology Technology-Green Technology".Stakeholders’economic behavior in the whole process of university technology transfer is becoming an emerging research topic,which should be based on the analysis framework of"Problem-Goal-Measure"and systematically clarify the dominant position and decision-making mechanism of teachers,universities and government in different stages.Although China’s research on university technology transfer started a little later than that in the United States and Europe,it has the advantage of catching up or even surpassing.Lastly,the future research should balance the objective regularity of university technology transfer and China’s special condition,combine with China’s localized practices,and carry out targeted theoretical analysis focusing on Chinese problems.
作者
常旭华
贾月莹
刘海睿
CHANG Xuhua;JIA Yueying;LIU Hairui(Shanghai International College of Intellectual Property,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China)
出处
《科学学与科学技术管理》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第2期150-167,共18页
Science of Science and Management of S.& T.
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目(72074169)
关键词
高校技术转移
比较研究
文献综述
university technology transfer
comparative study
literature review
