摘要
纳米技术的快速发展以及纳米材料的广泛应用,使得以纳米颗粒形式存在的天然矿物及人工纳米颗粒归趋于土壤环境并在土壤中大量累积。其中无机纳米颗粒进入土壤生态系统后会改变土壤孔隙度及渗透系数,并可能与有机质等结合或相互作用从而影响土壤理化性质。无机纳米颗粒还可直接或间接作用于土壤动物及微生物,其中抑制效应为主,利用其尺寸效应和高反应性与微生物细胞以及信号转导小分子作用影响其生物活性或营养成分等,对微生物产生毒性或改变群落结构。同时,纳米颗粒特性、土壤理化参数(pH值、离子强度、含水量和矿物质、有机质含量等)及微生物群落等因素同样会影响无机纳米颗粒在土壤中的环境效应。本文系统阐述了无机纳米颗粒进入土壤生态系统后产生的环境效应,归纳无机纳米颗粒在土壤中生态效应的影响因素,并对纳米颗粒的生态效应研究提出了问题与展望。
With the rapid development of nanotechnology and the wide application of nanomaterials,natural minerals in the form of nanoparticles and artificial nanoparticles tend to be in soil environment and be accumulated in it in large quantities.After the inorganic nanoparticles being in the soil ecosystem,the soil porosity and permeability coefficients will be changed,and the physical and chemical properties of the soil may be affected by the combination or interaction of organic matters and inorganic nanoparticles.Inorganic nanoparticles can also directly or indirectly influence on soil animals and microorganisms,with dominant inhibition effect.The interaction between the size effect and high reactivity of nanoparticles and the microbial cells and small signal transduction molecules can affect biological activities or nutrients,and poison cells or change the community structures of microorganisms.Meanwhile,characteristics of nanoparticles,physicochemical parameters of soils(pH values,ionic strengths,water contents,mineral components,and organic matter contents),and microbial communities can also affect the environmental effects of inorganic nanoparticles in soils.In this paper,we have systematically expounded the environmental effects of inorganic nanoparticles after entering the soil ecosystem,and summarized influencing factors of the ecological effects by inorganic nanoparticles in the soil,and raised the questions and prospects for studying the ecological effects of nanoparticles.
作者
王倩
刘兴
赵媛
袁权
WANG Qian;LIU Xing;ZHAO Yuan;YUAN Quan(State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry,Institute of Geochemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guiyang 550081,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)
出处
《矿物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第3期289-296,共8页
Acta Mineralogica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(批准号:41573083)
国家重点研发项目计划(编号:2016YFA0601000)
贵州省基金(编号:黔科合J字﹝2015﹞2143号)
关键词
无机纳米颗粒
土壤
环境效应
微生物
影响因素
Inorganic nanoparticles
soil
environmental effects
microorganisms
influencing factors
