摘要
本文回顾了新中国成立七十年来国民经济五个阶段的贫困原因与减贫经验,认为贫困是内生于现代化发展进程中因制度收益与制度成本不对称所带来的结构性问题,中国政府对不同发展阶段造成的发展不平衡以举国体制进行内部化处理,实现了一定历史阶段制度成本和制度收益的相对均衡,形成了结合中国自身制度优势的特殊减贫经验。其间,在20世纪50年代、80年代和21世纪前二十年中国有过三次大规模的减贫成效,主要得益于三次城乡融合释放的农村要素给农民带来的现金收益和财产性收益。因此,在决胜脱贫攻坚的关键期,更要通过与乡村振兴的有效衔接转变为生态扶贫,大力推动新时期的城乡有序融合,通过新型农村集体经济的制度创新与社会化业态创新激活农村地区大量沉睡的生态资源资产,构建生态化扶贫的长效机制,以巩固脱贫攻坚的成果。
Based on the review of poverty and poverty reduction experience in the five stages of the national economy in the 70 years since the founding of the People’s Republic of China,we argue that poverty is endogenous to the structural problems caused by the asymmetry of system benefits and system costs in the modern development process.The Chinese government utilizes its all-nation system to limit the development imbalances caused by different stages of development to internal treatment and thereby achieve a relative balance between system costs and system benefits in a certain historical period.Such internalized treatment constitutes a special poverty reduction experience in the 20 th and 21 st centuries,one that combines China’s own system advantages.Over the past 70 years,China has conducted three large-scale poverty reduction efforts─in the 1950 s,1980 s,and the first two decades of the 21 st century─mainly through the cash and property gains brought to peasants by the release of rural elements in three rounds of urban-rural integration.Therefore,in the critical period of poverty alleviation,it is necessary to adopt methods of ecological poverty alleviation through effective connection with rural revitalization,while vigorously promoting the orderly integration of urban and rural areas.In the process,a large amount of ecological resources and assets in rural areas must be activated through the institutional innovation of the new rural collective economy and new socialized business formats,as well as the construction of a long-term ecological poverty alleviation mechanism.Only in such manner can we conduct poverty alleviation effectively and consolidate its results.
作者
温铁军
王茜
罗加铃
Wen Tiejun;Wang Qian;Luo Chialing(Institute of Rural Reconstruction of China,Southwest University;College of Economics,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University)
出处
《开放时代》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第1期169-184,8-9,共18页
Open Times
基金
福建省社会科学规划项目“劳动力再生产、土地改革与劳动密集产业发展相关性的国际比较研究”(FJ2017B057)的阶段成果
关键词
脱贫攻坚
生态扶贫
乡村振兴
poverty alleviation
ecological poverty alleviation
rural revitalization
