摘要
目的调查军人在急进高原过程中营养水平及其变化情况,为指导部队在急进高原过程中合理膳食、提高军人营养水平和高原习服能力提供依据。方法选取某部自海拔2200 m急进至4500 m的60名青年男性军人为观察对象,分别在海拔2200、4500 m进行连续5 d的膳食调查。采用GJB1636A—2016称重法和体格检查法对官兵膳食营养情况、身体状况进行调查。按GJB826B—2010和GJB823B—2016进行膳食质量评价;采用GJB1636A—2016评价上臂肌围;采用握力器所附标准评价握力。抽取受试者空腹全血,进行血样生化检查,依据GJB4126—2000进行评价。结果该部军人在两海拔地区粮谷类、鱼虾类、大豆类、水果类、禽蛋、畜肉、蔬菜出现摄入不足,且缺乏程度随海拔升高而不同程度加剧,个别种类有所改善。海拔2200 m处钙、锌、维生素A、维生素B1供应不足,海拔4500 m处能量、钙、锌、维生素B1供应不足,其余营养素供应充足。在三大营养素供能比中,蛋白质达标,脂肪超出高限,碳水化合物偏低。在4500 m处,体格检查显示上臂肌围、体质指数(BMI)、腰围、体脂率均较2200 m处显著下降。总蛋白、白蛋白等营养指标两海拔高度均在正常范围,但随高度上升显著下降,而血尿酸含量却随海拔增加而显著增高。结论目前高原部队仍存在膳食结构不合理、营养素摄入不均衡、官兵饮食习惯不良等情况,且随海拔高度上升而营养水平出现显著下降。
Objective To investigate the nutrition level and its changes among troops during their rapid entry into the plateau so as to improve their nutrition level and acclimation ability.Methods 60 young male officers and soldiers from an army department were enrolled as subjects who were transferred from 2200 m to 4500 m above sea level.Their dietary nutrition and physical condition were investigated using the GJB1636A—2016 weighing method and physical examination method.Dietary quality was evaluated according to GJB826B—2010 and GJB823B—2016,the upper arm muscle circum⁃ference was evaluated by GJB1636A—2016,while grip strength was measured by the standard attached to the grip.Fasting whole blood was drawn for biochemical examination,and the results were evaluated according to GJB4126—2000.Results These officers and soldiers had insufficient intakes of cereals,fish and shrimp,legumes,fruits,eggs,meat and vegetables at the two altitudes.The supply of calcium,zinc,vitamin A and vitamin B1 was insufficient at 2200 m,so was the supply of energy,calcium,zinc and vitamin B1 at 4500 m above sea level.The supply of other nutrients was sufficient.The intake of protein reached the standard,that of fat exceeded the high limit,while that of carbohydrates was lower.At 4500 m,the physical examination showed that the muscle circumference,BMI,waist circumference and body fat rate of the upper arm were significantly lower than at 2200 m.The total protein,albumin and other nutritional indexes at the two altitudes were in the normal range,but decreased significantly with the altitude,while the serum uric acid content increased significantly with the altitude.Conclusion At present there are still some nutritional problems,such as improper dietary structure,unbalanced nutrient intake,poor dietary habits of plateau soldiers,and the nutrition level decreases significantly with the altitude.
作者
刘昌娥
单文俊
武聪
孙言惠
王昕
金鹏
潘元明
陶玉荣
马贤纵
盛建秋
LIU Chang-e;SHAN Wen-jun;WU Cong;SUN Yan-hui;WANG Xin;JIN Peng;PAN Yuan-ming;TAO Yu-rong;MA Xian-zong;SHENG Jian-qiu(Department of Nutrition,Seventh Medical Center,PLA General Hospital,Beijing 100700,China;Unit 69250 of PLA,Urumqi 830009,China;Department of Gastroenterology,Seventh Medical Center,PLA General Hospital,Beijing 100700,China)
出处
《军事医学》
CAS
北大核心
2020年第3期177-182,共6页
Military Medical Sciences
基金
军事医学创新工程专项(18CXZ027)
关键词
急进高原
营养调查
体格检查
评价分析
rapid entry into the plateau
nutritional survey
physical check⁃up
evaluation and analysis
