摘要
近代中国羸弱的经济基础和落后的科技水平难以支撑先进航空工业的发展,同飞机相比,无动力装置的滑翔机在研发和生产方面难度相对较小。作为国防体育运动的重要载体,近代中国的滑翔机运动在20世纪30年代兴起,并于抗战时期在大后方掀起潮流。随着国民防空意识的增强,抗战大后方对滑翔机的需求愈来愈大,在对外技术引进和生产材料进口困难的情况下,原本工业落后的西部地区依托手工业,通过仿制和研发提高了技术水平,滑翔机的市场缺口则进一步推动滑翔机在生产层面实现突破。与此同时,战时大后方对外科技交流不畅使得滑翔机制造业因国内市场需求加速完成产品国产化,从原料到技术等方面均对进口滑翔机进行了替代,并根据大后方的具体情况升级为城市国营手工业模式,这实际上是乡村半工业化模式在城市的场域转换。
The poor economic foundation and low-level science and technology in modern China was impossible to support the development of advanced aviation industry.Compared with aircraft,the R&D and production of gliders without power units were relatively less difficult.Gliders were important equipment of national defense sports,and a form of physical activity using gliders in modern China sprang up in the 1930 s and set off a trend in the rear areas during the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression.With the enhancement of national air defense awareness,the demand for gliders in the rear areas increased.It was difficult to introduce foreign technology and import production materials,and the industry in western China was backward,so they relied on handicraft industry to improve the technical level by means of imitation and research and development.The market gap further promoted gliders to achieve breakthroughs at the production level.Meanwhile,due to lack of scientific and technological exchanges with outside world in the rear areas during the war,the glider manufacturing industry accelerated its localization due to the demand of the domestic market,and replaced the imported gliders in raw materials and technology.In line with the conditions in the rear areas,it was upgraded to the urban state-run handicraft model,which was actually field transformation of the rural semi-industrial model in the urban area.
作者
刘岩岩
Liu Yanyan(School of Marxism,University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,Chengdu,Sichuan 611731)
出处
《军事历史研究》
CSSCI
2021年第5期85-94,共10页
Military History Research
基金
2018年度教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金西部和边疆地区项目“民国时期长江口岸城市工业互动研究”(18XJCZH006)
2020年度国家民委民族研究自筹经费项目“近代西部民族地区工业发展与社会变迁研究(1891—1949)”(2020-GMD-017)
关键词
半工业化
抗战大后方
滑翔机
semi-industrialization
the rear areas of the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression
glider
