摘要
“自治”和“国家强制”是软法主流理论用以厘定软法的形式和边界的两个主要标准。“自治”标准将全部社会法规范、“国家强制”标准将国家法中的柔性规范纳入软法范畴。然而,“自治”并不当然排斥“国家强制”,在国家正当垄断暴力的法秩序中,“组织自治力”并不内含所谓“社会强制力”。而国家强制既有直接的、明晰可见的,也有间接的、隐含的、作为后备的,许多组织自治规范因有法秩序中更高规范的授权而有效,在终极意义上也是通过国家强制保障实施的。对这两个标准的重述会形成典型软法的图景,对于形成更为自洽的软法理论体系有着重要意义,也会发现在软法与硬法之间有既非软法也非硬法的存在。
“Autonomy”and“state coercion”are the two main criteria used by the dominant theory of soft law in China to determine the forms and province of soft law.The application of the two criteria incorporates all norms made by non-state actors and flexible norms in the state laws that have no sanctions against the violators into the concept of soft law.However,“autonomy”does not necessarily exclude“state coercion”,and“organizational autonomy”does not contain the so-called“social coercion”in the legal order where the state holds a monopoly on violence.“State coercion”can be direct and clearly visible in some cases,while it can also indirect and implicit in others.The implementation of self-governing rules by many organizations is ultimately guaranteed by state coercion.Such a restatement of these criteria provides a clear picture of typical soft law,which can aid in developing more systematic and coherent theories on soft law.Additionally,it can also help to explore the norms that exist between soft law and hard law.
作者
沈岿
SHEN Kui(Peking University Law School)
出处
《法学家》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第4期29-41,191-192,共15页
The Jurist
关键词
软法
软法边界
自治
国家强制
有效性
Soft Law
Province of Soft Law
Autonomy
State Coercion
Validity
