摘要
与《中华人民共和国侵权责任法》第36条第3款相比,《中华人民共和国民法典》第1197条在“知道”的基础上增加了“应当知道”的表述,课以网络服务提供者注意义务。这似乎为学界关于搜索引擎服务提供者是否负有注意义务的争论画上了句号,但仍有诸多不尽人意之处。应当对搜索引擎服务提供者注意义务的具体内容进行建构,包括通知前的主动防范义务和通知后的危险控制义务。主动防范义务要求搜索引擎服务提供者对网络用户输入的、无网页链接的关键词承担过滤义务,并在用户协议或服务协议中列明拟过滤的关键词。危险控制义务要求搜索引擎服务提供者对权利人的“通知”、网络用户的“声明”等进行审查或履行“转送”“告知”“及时采取必要措施”“及时终止所采取的措施”等义务时,负有防止危险发生或扩大的注意义务,力争达致权利人、网络用户、搜索引擎服务提供者之间的利益衡平。
Compared to Article 36(3)of Tort Law of the P.R.C.,Article 1197 of Civil Code of P.R.C.increases the expression of“should have known”on the basis of“knows”and imposes the duty of care on the network service providers,which seems to make the debate from the academia on whether the search engine service providers should shoulder the duty of care draw to a conclusion,but there are still many unsatisfactory conditions.We should establish the search engine service providers’specific contents of the duty of care,including the active precautionary obligation before receiving the notification and the danger-controlled obligation after receiving the notification.The active precautionary obligation requires the search engine service providers undertake the filtering obligation for the keywords without web page links that are entered by the network users,and have the obligation to list the keywords to be filtered in the user agreements or the service agreements.The danger-controlled obligation requires when the search engine service providers review“notice”from the right holders and“statement”from the network users,and so on,or perform the obligations of“forward”,“inform”,“take necessary measures in time”and“timely terminate the measures taken”,etc.the search engine service providers should bear the duty of care to prevent the occurrence or expansion of danger so as to strive to achieve the interest balance among the right holders,the network users and the search engine service providers.
出处
《法商研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第3期30-41,共12页
Studies in Law and Business
关键词
搜索引擎服务提供者
注意义务
主动防范义务
危险控制义务
the search engine service providers
duty of care
the active precautionary obligation
the danger-controlled obligation
