摘要
21世纪以来,以“美国优先”为核心的生物安全战略逐步形成,其变迁体现两条逻辑:在认知层面上,美国对生物安全的重视不断提升,并逐渐将其作为国家安全战略重要组成部分;在实践层面上,生物安全战略的实施手段不断充实,包括完善法律框架、优化人事安排、拓展国际合作等。拜登执政后对美国的生物安全战略进行修复和升级,在国内,完善体制机制并投入更多战略资源;在国际,注重多边外交并调整与盟友伙伴及国际组织的合作关系。然而,拜登政府实施生物安全战略面临诸多挑战。在国内,政治极化和金钱政治成为阻碍生物安全战略实施的体系性弊病;在国际,拜登政府的“多边主义”无法掩盖“美国优先”这一核心战略目标,愈发复杂的舆论环境也放大了发展中国家对拜登政府的不满。从长远看,拜登政府的生物安全战略虽在一定程度上缓解了新冠肺炎疫情对美国的冲击,但仍然面临严峻的内外环境;同时,美国的生物安全战略将对中美博弈和全球生物安全治理格局产生影响。
Since the 21st century,a biosecurity strategy with“America First”as its core has begun to take shape,and its evolution reflects two logics.At the cognitive level,the U.S.attaches increasing importance to biosecurity and gradually makes it an important part of its national security strategy.At the practical level,the means of implementation of biosecurity strategy have been enriched,such as improving legal framework,optimizing personnel arrangement,and expanding international cooperation.After Biden came to power,the U.S.government upgraded its biosecurity strategy,improving the institutional mechanism and investing more strategic resources domestically,as well as focusing on multilateral diplomacy and adjusting cooperative relationships with allied partners and international organizations internationally.However,the Biden administration faces many challenges in implementing its biosecurity strategy.Domestically,political polarization and money politics have become systematic problems that hinder the implementation of the biosecurity strategy.Internationally,the Biden administration’s multilateralism cannot conceal the core strategic goal of“America First”,and the increasingly complex public opinion environment has amplified the discontent of developing countries.In the long run,although the Biden administration’s biosecurity strategy has somewhat mitigated the impact of COVID-19 on the United States,it still faces a tough internal and external environment.At the same time,the U.S.biosecurity strategy will have an impact on the U.S.-China game and the global biosecurity governance landscape.
作者
孙成昊
赵宇琪
Sun Chenghao;Zhao Yuqi
出处
《东方学刊》
2022年第3期72-84,119,共14页
Dongfang Journal
基金
2020年北京市社会科学基金青年项目“大国战略竞争与东亚未来秩序的建构”(项目编号:20ZGC013)的阶段性成果
关键词
拜登政府
生物安全战略
国家安全战略
Biden administration
biosecurity strategy
National Security Strategy
