摘要
从昌都卡若遗址出土粟以来,粟在史前西藏的传播便是一热门研究问题,但是目前基于植物考古的资料十分有限,除了为我们提供一些关键的节点之外,尚不足以对西藏地区内部的传播问题加以全面把握。文章在考古发现与前人研究的基础上,尝试运用多学科交叉的方法挖掘出历史文献与语言学上的一些新证据。从文献资料反推显示,至迟在吐蕃时期,以雅鲁藏布江中游地带为主的吐蕃腹地似乎是没有本地种植粟的。从语言学材料看,粟名在上古汉语、古今藏语、我国西南少数民族现代语,甚至现代南亚语的发音均显示出高度的一致性,因而认为它很可能与史前汉藏语系和藏缅语族的人群及其语言扩散事件有关。结合这一区域考古发现与历史语言地理学上的相关性来看,西藏地区最早的粟或是藏缅语族的群体从黄河上游携带至藏东的横断山区,再顺着藏缅走廊传播至中南半岛北部;西藏腹地史前遗址考古发现的粟,推测除了从横断山区向西沿雅鲁藏布江一直扩散之外,也不排除从高原南部喜马拉雅山地低海拔地区北进的可能。
The spread process of millet in the prehistoric Tibet has been a hotspot issue since the excavation of ancient millet at the Karuo,a prehistorical site in eastern Tibet.However,current archaeobotany researches about the spread of millet are still limited which requires more in-depth consideration.In this article,referring to previous researches,we draw additional evidence by applying multidisciplinary methods,containing historic literatures and linguistics.The results show that,there did not exist,extrapolated from historic literatures,local millet practice in the middle of Yarlung Tsangpo,a crux region of Tubo historically,until Tubo regime appeared.From the perspective of linguistics,the pronunciation of the name of millet(Setaria italica)shows a high consistency in ancient Chinese,Tibetan(Both ancient and modern),modern minority languages in sothwest Chinese,and even modern South Asian languages,so it is believed that it is probably related to the prehistoric Sino-Tibetan and Tibeto-Burman groups and their language diffusion events.Combined strictly with archaeological researches and human geography results,the earliest ancient millet might be carried by groups of Tibeto-Burman languages from the upper Yellow River through Hengduan Mountains,then along with Tibetan-Myanmar Corridors,and eventually terminated in the northern Indo-China Peninsula.As for the ancient millet archaeological unearthed in Tibet hinterland,we infer that they were spread either from Hengduan Mountains to Yarlung Tsangpo,a westwards direction,or the possibly of moving north from the south lower elevation of the Himalaya mountains.
作者
赤列次仁
vPhrin-las Tshe-ring
出处
《中国藏学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第3期10-19,209-210,共12页
China Tibetology
关键词
粟
史前西藏
考古
农业
藏缅语族
Millet
Prehistorical Tibet
Archaeology
Agricuture
Tibeto-Burman languages
