摘要
青海玉树迄今发现有5处吐蕃时期摩崖石刻,大日如来佛堂内石刻和恰冈石刻图像题材为毗卢遮那佛与八大菩萨和毗卢遮那佛与二菩萨,皆与毗卢遮那佛有关,另外3处石刻图像为十方佛、佛传、初转法轮图和礼佛图等。文章通过对玉树勒巴沟吾娜桑嘎石刻和贝纳沟大日如来佛堂西侧崖壁的图像和藏文题记进行研究,认为大日如来佛堂西侧崖壁所刻的“毗卢遮那佛+二弟子+十方佛+《普贤行愿品》”的组合表现了毗卢遮那信仰与华严信仰的结合,吾娜桑嘎石刻中“释迦八相+骑象普贤+骑狮文殊”的组合则与法华信仰有关。这两处图像的出现,体现了吐蕃时期流行的毗卢遮那信仰与以敦煌为代表的汉地法华、华严信仰的结合,是汉藏佛教交流中出现的新的图像样式,为研究汉藏文化在佛教信仰方面的交流融合提供了重要例证。
In Yushu,Qinghai Province,five cliff carvings from the Tubo period have been found so far.The subject of the stone carvings in the Vairocana Buddha Hall and the Qiagang stone carvings are Vairocana Buddha and the Eight Great Bodhisattvas,Vairocana Buddha and the two Bodhisattvas,all of which are related to Vairocana.The other three stone carvings are Buddhas of the ten directions,stories of Buddha’s life,the first turning of the Dharma wheel,and the picture of worshiping Buddha.Based on the study of the Wuna Sangga stone carvings in Lebagou,Yushu and the images and Tibetan inscriptions on the west cliff of the Vairocana Buddha Hall in Beinagou,the article believes that the combination of"Vairocana+Two disciples+Buddhas in the ten directions+The Practices and Vows of the Bodhisattva Samantabhadra"engraved on the west cliff of the Vairocana Buddha Hall shows the combination of Vairocana belief and Huayan belief.The conmbination of"Eight stages of Buddha’s progress+Samantabhadra riding an elephant+Manjusri riding a lion"is related to Fahua belief.The appearance of these two images reflects the combination of the Vairocana belief popular in the Tubo period and the Chinese Fahua and Huayan beliefs represented by Dunhuang.They are new images that emerged in the Han-Tibetan Buddhist exchanges,which provide an important example for the exchange and integration of Han-Tibetan culture in Buddhist belief.
出处
《中国藏学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第6期14-22,212-213,共11页
China Tibetology
基金
国家社科基金重大项目“西藏阿里后弘期初的佛教遗存与多民族交融研究(项目编号:19ZDA177)”阶段性成果
关键词
玉树
摩崖石刻
毗卢遮那佛
华严经
法华经
汉藏交流
Yushu
Cliff carvings
Vairocana
Huayan sutra
Fahua sutra
Han-Tibetan exchanges
