摘要
目的分析普洱地区过敏性疾病的过敏原特异性IgE(sIgE)分布情况,为指导本地区过敏性疾病患者脱敏治疗及防治提供科学依据。方法选择2018年8月—2019年8月普洱市人民医院门诊或住院部1674例疑似过敏性疾病患者作为研究对象。取患者血标本,采用免疫印迹法检测19种常见过敏原sIgE和总IgE抗体,并对检测结果进行分析。结果1674例疑似过敏性疾病患者中,658例血清过敏原总IgE阳性,阳性率为39.31%。其中以户尘螨sIgE抗体阳性率最高(37.34%),其次为草粉组合(柏榆、柳栎、桦、枫、胡桃、梧桐、杨,21.03%)、蟹(20.31%)、蟑螂(19.00%)、鸡蛋(18.58%)、腰果(15.05%)、矮豚草蒿葎草藜(13.62%)、虾(12.66%)、苋(12.37%)、桑树(12.19%)、牛奶(11.35%)、尘螨(10.57%)、点青(10.10%)、牛肉(9.80%)、芒果(9.44%)、贝(6.87%)、菠萝(6.69%)、狗毛皮屑(6.57%)、猫毛皮屑(6.45%)。吸入性过敏原以户尘螨sIgE抗体阳性率最高(37.34%),食入性过敏原以蟹sIgE抗体阳性率最高(20.31%)。男性吸入性过敏原sIgE抗体检出率前3位分别为尘螨(69.49%)、桑树(65.20%)和苋(62.80%),食入性过敏原sIgE抗体检出率前3位分别为菠萝(63.39%)、芒果(61.39%)和腰果(61.11%);女性吸入性过敏原sIgE抗体检出率前3位分别为点青(53.85%)、猫毛皮屑(46.30%)和矮豚草蒿葎草藜(42.11%),食入性过敏原sIgE抗体检出率前3位分别为鸡蛋(58.20%)、牛肉(48.78%)和贝(44.35%)。户尘螨在学龄前期sIgE阳性率明显高于婴幼儿期〔51.47%(368/715)比12.10%(30/248),P<0.05〕;婴幼儿期过敏原主要为食入性过敏原,以牛奶(19.35%)和蟹(15.73%)为主;学龄前期和学龄期过敏原主要为吸入性过敏原,以户尘螨(51.47%和36.34%)以及草粉组合(25.45%和21.81%)为主。结论普洱地区1674例患者中最常见过敏原为户尘螨,其次为草粉组合、蟹和蟑螂;以吸入性过敏原为主,儿童更容易过敏。过敏原的检测对于预防及治疗过敏性疾病有积极意义。
Objective To analyze the distribution of allergen-specific IgE(sIgE)in allergic diseases in Pu’er area,and to provide scientific basis for the desensitization treatment and prevention of allergic diseases in this area.Methods From August 2018 to August 2019,1674 patients with suspected allergic diseases in the outpatient or inpatient department of Pu’er People’s Hospital were selected as research objects.Blood samples were taken from patients,and 19 common allergens sIgE and total IgE antibodies were detected by Western blot,and the test results were analyzed.Results Among 1674 patients with suspected allergic diseases,658 cases were positive for total IgE,and the positive rate was 39.95%.The positive rate for sIgE antibody of household dust mite was the highest(37.34%),followed by the combination of grass powder(cypress,willow,birch,maple,walnut,Chinese parasol,poplar,21.03%),crab(20.31%),cockroach(19.00%),egg(18.58%),cashew(15.05%),short ragweed artemisia humulus scandens quinoa(13.62%),shrimp(12.66%),amaranth(12.37%),mulberry(12.19%),milk(11.35%),dust mites(10.57%),penicillium(10.10%),beef(9.80%),mango(9.44%),shellfish(6.87%),pineapple(6.69%),dog hair and dander(6.57%),cat hair and dander(6.45%).In inhaled allergens,the s IgE antibody positive rate of the household dust mite was the highest(37.34%),and among the edible allergens the positive rate for sIgE antibody of crab was the highest(20.31%).The top 3 inhaled allergens with the highest detection rates of sIgE antibody in males were dust mite(69.49%),mulberry(65.20%)and amaranth(62.80%),while the top 3 edible allergens with the highest detection rates of sIgE antibody in males were pineapple(63.39%),mango(61.39%)and cashew(61.11%).The top 3 inhaled allergens with the highest detection rates of s IgE antibody in females were penicillium(53.85%),cat hair and dander(46.30%)and short ragweed artemisia humulus scandens quinoa(42.11%),respectively,while the top 3 edible allergens with the highest detection rates of sIgE antibody in females were eggs(58.20%),beef(48.78%)and shellfish(44.35%).The total positive rate of household dust mites in preschool age was higher than that in infantile period[51.47%(368/715)vs.12.10%(30/248),P<0.05];the mainly dust mites(51.47%and 36.34%)and grass powder combination(25.45%and 21.81%)The main allergens in infantile period were were mainly edible allergens,mainly milk(19.35%)and crab(15.73%).The main allergens in preschool and school agewere inhalation allergens,mainly household dust mites(51.47%and 36.34%)and grass powder combination(25.45%and 21.81%).Conclusions The most common allergen in 1674 patients in Pu’er area was household dust mite,followed by grass powder combination,crab and cockroach.The allergens are mainly inhaled allergens,and children are more susceptible to allergies.The detection of allergens plays a positive role in the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases.
作者
伍玉
Wu Yu(Department of Laboratory Medicine,Pu'er People's Hospital Affiliated to Kunming University of Science and Technology,Pu'er 665000,Yunnan,China)
出处
《实用检验医师杂志》
2019年第4期203-206,共4页
Chinese Journal of Clinical Pathologist
