摘要
《保险法》告知义务制度与《民法典》意思表示瑕疵制度之间私法冲突的排除路径在于,投保人在订立保险合同时对保险人是否负有信息提供义务以及在何种范围内相互影响。如实告知的事实范围是决定告知义务与欺诈可撤销之间关系的重要要素。在解释论的背景之下,以对“危险事实”的评价为主线,法律适用冲突的解决路径应从两者的“排除论”转向以“信息提供义务”为中心的“交互作用论”,分析投保人与保险人之间的法律关系。在评价投保人是否违反信息提供义务时,通过对德、日法律的比较研究发现,对危险事实产生信息提供义务的范围极为有限,投保人有义务告知的事实范围需要被“限缩解释”。如若投保人违反如实告知义务是在主观性质恶劣的情况下实施的,则应承认保险人有权主张侵权损害赔偿责任。
The path to exclude the private law conflict between the notification obligation system of the Insurance Law and the system of expression of intent defects in the Civil Code is whether the insured has the obligation to provide information to the insurer when concluding the insurance contract and to what extent it affects each other.The scope of facts to be truthfully informed is an important element in determining the relationship between the obligation to inform and the avoidability of fraud.In the context of hermeneutic theory,with the evaluation of“dangerous facts”as the main line,the solution path of the conflict of legal application should be shifted from the“exclusion theory”of the two to the“interaction theory”centered on the“obligation to provide information”,and the legal relationship between the insured and the insurer should be analyzed.In evaluating whether the insured has violated the obligation to provide information,through a comparative study of German and Japanese laws,it is found that the scope of the obligation to provide information on dangerous facts is extremely limited,and the scope of the facts that the insured is obliged to inform needs to be“limited to interpretation”.If the insured’s breach of the obligation to truthfully inform is carried out in the case of a bad subjective nature,it should be recognized that the insurer has the right to claim compensation for tortious damages.
出处
《北方法学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第3期53-67,共15页
Northern Legal Science
基金
2020年度辽宁省社会科学规划基金项目“缔约过程中的信息提供义务边界与告知义务制度的协同应用问题研究”(L20BFX010)的阶段性成果
关键词
欺诈撤销权
信息提供义务
告知义务
缔约过失
侵权责任
fraud revocation rights
obligation to provide information
obligation to inform
contractual negligence
tort liability
