摘要
目的探讨重庆市某区青少年心理健康现状及影响因素,为针对性地开展青少年心理健康教育提供参考依据。方法采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法,使用中国中学生心理健康量表(MMHI-60),将重庆市某区2360名青少年作为调查对象,并进行问卷调查。结果调查对象心理问题检出率为38.9%,主要表现为情绪不稳定(55.0%)、强迫(53.0%)、学习压力(49.3%)、焦虑(46.7%)、人际关系紧张敏感(46.0%)。小学高年级学生(15.9%)、初中生(45.3%)、高中生(47.5%)心理问题检出率依次增加。调查对象MMHI-60总均分及其各分量表均分(强迫、偏执、敌对、人际关系紧张敏感、抑郁、焦虑、学习压力、适应不良、情绪不稳定、心理不平衡)分别为(1.93±0.58)分、(2.06±0.63)分、(1.86±0.69)分、(1.80±0.76)分、(1.97±0.70)分、(1.88±0.72)分、(2.03±0.84)分、(2.10±0.87)分、(1.85±0.67)分、(2.13±0.74)分、(1.64±0.63)分。在性别特征上,女生的MMHI-60总均分及强迫、敌对、人际关系紧张敏感、抑郁、焦虑、情绪不稳定分量表均分显著高于男生(P<0.05);在学段特征上,高中生、初中生的MMHI-60总均分及其各分量表均分显著高于小学生,高中生的适应不良、抑郁、学习压力、焦虑分量表均分显著高于初中生;在高中班级类型特征上,普通班学生的MMHI-60总均分及其各分量表均分显著高于重点班学生(P<0.05);在家庭结构特征上,跟随父母单方或祖父母生活的学生其MMHI-60总均分及情绪不稳定、适应不良、抑郁、偏执、心理不平衡分量表均分都显著高于完整家庭的学生(P<0.05),跟随父母单方生活的学生其学习压力、敌对、焦虑分量表均分显著高于完整家庭学生(P<0.05)。多因素非条件Logistic回归分析显示,初中学段(OR=4.15)、高中学段(OR=4.78)、单亲家庭(OR=1.46)、普通班(OR=2.04)是调查对象心理健康的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论青少年群体心理问题较为突出,家庭因素、学校因素是影响青少年心理健康的重要因素,学校开展心理健康教育时,需要考虑学生的学段、班级类型、家庭结构等因素。
Objective To explore the current situation and influencing factors of adolescent mental health in a district of Chongqing,and to provide a reference basi.s for the targeted development of adolescent mental health education.Methods Using a multi-stage stratified whole-group sampling method,2360 adolescents in a district of Chongqing weresurveyed using the Mental Health Inventory of Middle School Students(MMHI-60).Results The detection rate of psychological problems among the survey respondents was 38.9%,mainly manifested as emotional instability(55.0%),compulsion(53.0%),academic stress(49.3%),anxiety(46.7%),and sensitivity to interpersonal tension(46.0%).The detection rate of psychological problems increased sequentially among upper elementary school students(15.9%),middle school students(45.3%),and high school students(47.5%).The mean scores of the MMHI-60 total and its subscales(compulsion,paranoia,hostility,sensitivity to interpersonal tension,depression,anxiety,academic stress,maladjustment,emotional instability,and psychological imbalance)of the survey respondents were 1.93±0.58,2.06±0.63,1.86±0.69,1.80±0.76,1.97±0.70,1.88±0.72,2.03±0.84,2.10±0.87,1.85±0.67,2.13±0.74,and 1.64±0.63.In terms of gender characteristics,girls had significantly higher mean scores for the MMHI-60 total score and for the compulsion,hostility,sensitivity to interpersonal tension,depression,anxiety,and emotional instability subscales than boys(P<0.05);in terms of school section characteristics,high school and middleschool students had significantly higher mean scores for the MMHI-60 total score and all of its subscales than elementary school students,and high school students had significantly higher maladjustment,depression,academic stress,and anxiety than middle school student;regarding the characteristics of high school class type,the mean scores for the MMHI-60 total score and each of its subscale were significantly higher among students in regular classes than among students in key classes(P<0.05);on the characteristics of family structure,the mean scores for MMHI-60 total score and the emotional instability,maladjustment,depression,paranoia,and psychological imbalance subscales were significantly higher among students living with one parent or grandparents than among students living in intact families(P<0.05).Multifactorial unconditional logistic regression analysis revealed that junior high school(OR=4.15),senior high school(OR=4.78),single parent family(OR=1.46),and general class(OR=2.04)were risk factors for the mental health of the survey respondents(P<0.05).Conclusion Psychological problems are more prominent in adolescent groups,and family and school are important factors affecting adole scents’mental health.Schools need to consider the students’school section,class type,and family structure to carry out mental health education.
作者
岳彩镇
杨志雯
费秀芬
韦超
肖前国
林晓滔
Yue Caizhen;Yang Zhiwen;Fei Xiufen;Wei Chao;Xiao Qianguo;Lin Xiaotao(College of National Culture and Cognitive Science,Guizhou Minzu University,Guiyang 550025,China;College of Education,Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences,Chongqing 402160,China;Yongchuan Institute of Education and Science,Chongqing 402160,China)
出处
《保健医学研究与实践》
2021年第3期15-21,共7页
Health Medicine Research and Practice
基金
重庆市社会科学规划项目(2018PY81)
关键词
青少年
心理健康
问卷调查
影响因素
家庭结构
Adolescents
Mental health
Questionnaire survey
Influencing factors
Family structure
