摘要
宗教信仰场合中的捐献行为主要包括神誓与奉献,具有宗教性和符号性,不同于民事赠与和公益捐赠.其中,神誓不属于实证法上的法律行为,但可以产生自然法上的效果;奉献是已经现实交付财产的捐献行为,宜界定为单方法律行为.借助神法物、代理或代表关系等制度均难以阐释宗教捐献行为中的财产权属,应引入默示信托理论,塑造“信众→神明→寺庙”的权属关系理论模型.在实证法层面,宗教捐献作为单方法律行为,信众丧失捐献财产的所有权,由接受捐献的寺庙取得.信众向寺庙捐献财产蕴含一个隐含的信托——基于宗教目的与宗旨使用财产.
Religious contribute mainly includes divine oath and dedication,which is religious and symbolic,and which is different from civil gift and public welfare donation behavior.Among them,God swore that it does not belong to the legal act of positive law but can produce the effect of natural law;dedication is the contribute behavior of delivered property in reality,which should be defined as unilateral legal act.With the help of theocracy,agency or representative relationship,it is difficult to explain the property ownership in the act of religious contribution.The theory of implied trust should be introduced to shape the theoretical model of the ownership relationship of"religious temple".At the level of positive law,religious contribution,as a unilateral legal act,loses the ownership of donated property and is obtained by the temple receiving the donation.The believer donates property to the temple with an implicit trust-the use of property based on religious purpose.
出处
《人大法律评论》
2020年第1期192-210,共19页
Renmin University Law Review
基金
国家社科基金2017年重大项目“宗教工作法治化研究”(项目号:17ZDC149)阶段性研究成果。
关键词
寺庙财产
捐献
赠与合同
默示信托
单方法律行为
Temple property
Donation
Gift contract
Implied trust
Unilateral legal act
