摘要
BACKGROUND: Ideal model of poststroke depression (PSD) may be induced in rats guided by the theoretical evidence that 'primary endogenous mechanism' and 'reactivity mechanism' theories for PSD in human being. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility of comprehensive methods to induce PSD models in rats. DESIGN: A randomized controlled animal trial. SETTING: Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. MATERIALS: Male SD rats of SPF degree, weighing 350-500 g, were provided by the experimental animal center of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. The rats were raised for 1 week adaptively, then screened behaviorally by open-field test and passive avoidance test. Forty-five rats with close scores were randomly divided into normal control group (n =10), simple stroke group (n =10), stress group (n =10) and PSD group (n =15). METHODS: The experiments were carried out in the laboratory of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from July 2002 to February 2003. ① Rat models of focal cerebral ischemia were induced by thread embolization, then treated with separate raising and unpredictable stress to induce PSD models. ②The neurologic deficit was evaluated by Longa 5-grade standard (the higher the score, the severer the neurologic deficit) and horizontal round rod test (normal rat could stay on it for at least 3 minutes). ③ The behavioral changes of PSD rats were evaluated by the saccharin water test, open-field text and passive avoidance test, including the changes of interest, spontaneous and exploratory activities, etc. ④ The levels of monoamine neurotransmitters, including norepinephrine (NE), serotonin (5-HT) and dopamine, in brain were determined using fluorospectrophotometry. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Score of Longa 5-grade standard; Stayed time in the horizontal round rod test; ② Amount of saccharin water consumption; Open-field text: time stayed in the central square, times wondering among squares, times for upright grooming; Passive avoidance test: total number of shocks, duration of being shocked; ③ Contents of NE, 5-HT and dopamine in brain. RESULTS: Six rats died and 3 rats failed in the model establishment, and finally 36 rats were involved in the analysis of results. ① 22 stroke rats were evaluated by the Longa 5-grade standard (including 9 in the stroke group and 13 in the PSD group), the scores at 4, 8 and 24 hours after consciousness were 2.58±0.69, 2.32±0.58 and 1.37±0.60, respectively. ② 20 stroke rats were evaluated by the horizontal round rod test (including 8 in the stroke group and 12 in the PSD group), and the time stayed on the rod at 1, 3 and 5 days after stroke were (110.94±31.40), (149.53±16.56) and (169.88±8.44) s, respectively. ③ The body masses at 7 and 14 days after stroke were significantly lower in the PSD group than the normal control group [(348.8±47.7), (390.9±22.9) g, P < 0.05; (321.7±43.8), (392.6±23.5) g, P < 0.01]. ④ The amount of saccharin-water consumption was significantly lower in the PSD group than the normal control group [(8.48±1.15), (113.0±11.8) mL/kg, P < 0.01]. ⑤ The PSD rats had reduced activities in the open-field test and passive avoidance deficits, which were obviously different from those in the normal control group (P < 0.05). ⑥ The NE and 5-HT contents in bilateral frontoparietal cortexes and brain stem in the PSD group were significantly decreased as compared with those in the normal control group (P < 0.05); The contents of dopamine in left frontoparietal cortex and brain stem were also obviously lower than those in the normal control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: It is correct and feasible to induce PSD rat model by giving separating raising and stress to rat models of focal cerebral ischemia established by thread embolization of internal carotid artery.
BACKGROUND: Ideal model of poststroke depression (PSD) may be induced in rats guided by the theoretical evidence that 'primary endogenous mechanism' and 'reactivity mechanism' theories for PSD in human being. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility of comprehensive methods to induce PSD models in rats. DESIGN: A randomized controlled animal trial. SETTING: Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. MATERIALS: Male SD rats of SPF degree, weighing 350-500 g, were provided by the experimental animal center of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. The rats were raised for 1 week adaptively, then screened behaviorally by open-field test and passive avoidance test. Forty-five rats with close scores were randomly divided into normal control group (n =10), simple stroke group (n =10), stress group (n =10) and PSD group (n =15). METHODS: The experiments were carried out in the laboratory of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from July 2002 to February 2003. ① Rat models of focal cerebral ischemia were induced by thread embolization, then treated with separate raising and unpredictable stress to induce PSD models. ②The neurologic deficit was evaluated by Longa 5-grade standard (the higher the score, the severer the neurologic deficit) and horizontal round rod test (normal rat could stay on it for at least 3 minutes). ③ The behavioral changes of PSD rats were evaluated by the saccharin water test, open-field text and passive avoidance test, including the changes of interest, spontaneous and exploratory activities, etc. ④ The levels of monoamine neurotransmitters, including norepinephrine (NE), serotonin (5-HT) and dopamine, in brain were determined using fluorospectrophotometry. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Score of Longa 5-grade standard; Stayed time in the horizontal round rod test; ② Amount of saccharin water consumption; Open-field text: time stayed in the central square, times wondering among squares, times for upright grooming; Passive avoidance test: total number of shocks, duration of being shocked; ③ Contents of NE, 5-HT and dopamine in brain. RESULTS: Six rats died and 3 rats failed in the model establishment, and finally 36 rats were involved in the analysis of results. ① 22 stroke rats were evaluated by the Longa 5-grade standard (including 9 in the stroke group and 13 in the PSD group), the scores at 4, 8 and 24 hours after consciousness were 2.58±0.69, 2.32±0.58 and 1.37±0.60, respectively. ② 20 stroke rats were evaluated by the horizontal round rod test (including 8 in the stroke group and 12 in the PSD group), and the time stayed on the rod at 1, 3 and 5 days after stroke were (110.94±31.40), (149.53±16.56) and (169.88±8.44) s, respectively. ③ The body masses at 7 and 14 days after stroke were significantly lower in the PSD group than the normal control group [(348.8±47.7), (390.9±22.9) g, P < 0.05; (321.7±43.8), (392.6±23.5) g, P < 0.01]. ④ The amount of saccharin-water consumption was significantly lower in the PSD group than the normal control group [(8.48±1.15), (113.0±11.8) mL/kg, P < 0.01]. ⑤ The PSD rats had reduced activities in the open-field test and passive avoidance deficits, which were obviously different from those in the normal control group (P < 0.05). ⑥ The NE and 5-HT contents in bilateral frontoparietal cortexes and brain stem in the PSD group were significantly decreased as compared with those in the normal control group (P < 0.05); The contents of dopamine in left frontoparietal cortex and brain stem were also obviously lower than those in the normal control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: It is correct and feasible to induce PSD rat model by giving separating raising and stress to rat models of focal cerebral ischemia established by thread embolization of internal carotid artery.
作者
Fuyou Liu1, Shi Yang2, Weiyin Chen1, Jinyu Wang1, Yi Tang1, Guanxiang Zhu1 1Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China
2Department of Neurology, First People’s Hospital of Chongqing City, Chongqing 400011, China
基金
a grant from the Natural Scientific Research Key Program of Sichuan Bureau of Science and Technology, No.02SG011-32
