摘要
一、序论陈梦家先生曾根据有铭铜器的断代研究把西周铜器分为三期:初期包括武、成、康、昭,中期包括穆、恭、懿、孝、夷,晚期包括厉、共和、宣、幽。郭宝钧先生又研究了建国后发现的成组铜器,以普渡村长田墓为界把西周铜器分为前后两期。郭先生共列举了三十一群,其中出自墓葬者只有二十余群。时至今日,西周铜器群大量出土,仅黄河流域确属墓葬出土者就有一三七墓计七四五件青铜礼器。这其中包含着很多具有典型意义的铜器群,使我们可以进一步分期,并对其组合形式和器形的发展演变作进一步探讨。
The present paper deals with the ritual bronze vessels unearthed from 137 tombs of the Western Zhou Dynasty in the valley of the Huanghe River. These objects are classified according to typological principles. The typical 96 groups of bronzes can be divided into six periods according to their composition, the association of types and the quantity of bronzes occurring in each group, with reference to the pottery objects found along with them. The periodization of these bronze groups and their dating are as follows.The first period includes 22 groups from Tombs M87, M106, etc. at Zhangjiapo and. some other places and corresponds to the reign of king Wu Wang and early years of Cheng Wang's reign. They were found in association with the pottery types somewhat earlier than those of the second phase of the Zhangjiapo cemetery discribed in the Excavations of the Western Zhou Tombs at Zhangjiapo in Chang'an in 1967 (below abbreviated to Zhangjiapo).The second period covers 20 groups of Tombs M1, M2, etc. at Baicaopo and some other places and corresponds to the reigns of Kings Cheng Wang and Kang Wang of the early Western Zhou Dynasty. They were uncovered in association with the pottery types of the second phase of Zhangjiapo.The third period embraces 15 groups from Feng Ji's tomb and three tombs of the Yuntan cemetery, etc. and roughly corresponds to the reign of King Zhao Wang. They were discovered in association with the pottery types of the third phase of Zhangjiapo.The fourth period consists of 15 groups from Changfu's tomb, Tomb'Ml7 at Huayuancun and Tomb M19 at Qijiacun, etc., and roughly corresponds to the reign of King Mu Wang. They wete unearthed in association with the pottery types of the third phase of Zhangjiapo.The fifth period has 11 groups from Tombs M103, MI05 etc. at Zhangiiapo and corresponds to the reigns of Kings Gong, Yi, Xiao, Yi and Li. They were found in association with the pottery types of the fifth phase of ZhanejiapoThe periodization and dating of the bronze gs from Tombs M1820, M1810, etc. at Shangcunling and corresponds to the reigns of Kings Xuan Wang and You Wang. They were discovered in association with the pottery types of the sixth phase of Zhangfiapo.The periodization and dating of the bronze groups unearthed from Western Zhou tombs will be useful for researching the rules of the development and evolution of the Western Zhou bronzes.
出处
《考古学报》
1988年第4期383-419,共37页
Acta Archaeologica Sinica
