摘要
一、概述敦煌莫高窟是世界上最大的石窟群之一。保存了近5万平方米的壁画和3千多身彩塑。在以前的年代里遭到了人为和大自然的破坏,使各类文物产生了这样和那样的病害。近数十年来由于环境条件的变化,壁画又产生了新的病害。莫高窟第3窟的壁画病害就是此种情况。该窟壁画近30多年来颜料层中不断产生小泡,逐渐变大。最后和颜料层一同脱落。此病害近10多年蔓延较快,特别是菩萨及其他人物面部和身体的色彩大部分已呈模糊状。发展下去用不了多少年该窟壁画就会全部消失(图版十三)。
This paper describes micro-environment and analysis the manufactoring materials were identified by light microscopy. X-ray diffraction. As the results. it shows the salts content are very high in the pigment layer the salts reduce. in turn, from the surface of mural to inside. Judging by this, we surpose that the salt solution is painted while the murals are being painted. This is one of reasons to cause the diseases.Through monitering the micro-environment in cave. 3, we find that temperature in cave. 3 keeps constantly, the RH in cave. 3 is about average 40% ayear in common condition (the lowest RH is only 7%)temperature and relative humidity change greatly when it rains and snows, sometimes, even the RH reaches 78%. When the RH is high, the Salt of pigment layer is dissolved, when RH drops down. moisture in the pigment layer is evaporated, then the saits gether one point on surface of pigment layer. We know that moisture exchange causes dimensional change in the pigment layer, and that this may lead to effloreced diseases mural in cave. 3.
出处
《敦煌研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
1991年第1期103-111,120-124,共11页
Dunhuang Research
