摘要
外部成本内部化的方法,仅仅能够保证理性的个体行为是对社会有益的,而效率目标则要求我们必须考虑施加外部性的主体及其承受外部性的主体在内的总成本与总收益。法律经济学的效率概念就是把利益分立的群体当成整体来看问题。立法涉及到的是全体国民,所以要从国家利益最大化角度考虑。一般的私法应该首先基于在国家意义上的帕累托改善原则,当此原则得不到满足时,我们采取基于效用的卡尔多-希克斯的效率标准。税法实现分配正义,希望实现的群体之间相对的平等从动态上看是有效率的。宪法层次上对民主制度和人权等制度的确立从长远看是有效率的。当不同层次法律的效率性发生冲突时,以处于高位阶的法律的效率性为主。
The method of internalization of the external cost can only ensure that rational behavior of an individual is beneficial to the society and the objective of efficiency demands that the total cost and the total income including the subject exerting the externality and the subject bearing the externality should be considered. The concept of efficiency in law and economics treats issues regarding groups of separated interest as a whole. Because legislation touches upon all people maximization of state interests should be considered. General private law should be firstly based on Pareto-improvement-rule in the state sense. When Pareto-improvement-rule is not satisfied Kaldor-Hicks- efficiency-standard in view of effectiveness could be regarded. Tax law realizes distributive justice. The relative equality between groups hoping realization is dynamically efficient. On the constitutional law level establishment of democratic system and human rights is in the long run efficient. Legal efficiency on the higher level can be chosen when legal efficiency on different levels is in conflict.
出处
《中国政法大学学报》
2008年第5期123-132,159-160,共12页
Journal Of CUPL
