摘要
在履行公民职责的过程中,公民需要帮助。因此,公共行政被视为民主政府的核心制度。20世纪70年代末以来,公共行政改革的两种主要思路——新公共管理与网络治理模式——都只是缺乏新意的局部性的改革建议。不同国家历史制度背景存在差异、公民对好公共行政的界定以及对制度的信任感会有变化、公共行政运作环境复杂多变,因此,没有一种最佳公共行政模式能够作为普适性的良方,可以永远向公民提供最大限度的帮助。目前,公共行政领域也没有某种单一模式成为主导趋势或倾向。关于行政管理人员、组织结构和变革过程的任一种研究假设并没有比该领域的其他假设更富有成效。公共行政学的理论发展必须基于对人类行为动机与模式的多样性的观察;对行政运作环境、组成要素、社会关系及影响因素的多样性的观察,同时应注意把握多种变革的动态发展过程,而不能仅仅关注单一的变化过程或机制。
The citizen needs help in his job of being a citizen. Public administration has been placed in a larger political settings, as a core institution of democratic government. Since the late 1970s, there have been two reform claims of public administration: new public management and network governance, trying to better help citizens, yet both reform visions are only partial prescriptions and not so new. Due to the differences of historical-institutional context, the dynamics of administrative success criteria and trust, and the complexity of the administrative world, there is no best way of organizing public administration so that it is always most helpful for citizens; no dominant trend, or convergence into a single functionally and normatively superior form; no specific set of assumptions about administrative actors, structures, and processes of change that is more fruitful than all other assumptions under all conditions. Public administration theory may benefit from taking into account the observation of a great diversity in human motivation and modes of action, the observed diversity of organized settings and types of collectivities and social relationships within which administrators operate, and their different types of impact, and several dynamics of change, not a commitment to a single dynamic or mechanism.
关键词
公民
公共行政
理论基础
Citizens, Public Administration, Theoretical Foundations
