摘要
按照城市功能定位将北京市分为中心城、卫星城和郊区,利用2005-2011年的19个站点逐日3个时次(8∶00、14∶00、20∶00)的温度数据,对比分析中心城和卫星城城市热岛效应强度及其变化,同时利用野外试验数据,对比研究不同城市绿地对北京城市热岛的缓解作用。结果表明:1各时次年平均气温中心城】卫星城】郊区,且中心城和卫星城年平均气温波动上升,而郊区却波动下降,致使各时次中心城和卫星城热岛强度波动增强,且热岛强度增幅中心城高于卫星城;2中心城热岛强度冬季】夏季,而卫星城夏季】冬季,冬季均以8∶00最强,14∶00最弱,夏季卫星城各时次城市热岛强度次序与冬季相同,但夏季中心城却以20∶00最强,14∶00最弱;3绿地缓解热岛效应功能与绿地类型、树种组成、林分密度等群落结构及管理措施等相关,试验绿地夏季9∶00-16∶00的降温幅度约为0.2~12.9℃,各类绿地平均降温幅度介于1.2~9.5℃,平均降温约4.2℃,以乔草绿地最大,草地最低。因此,合理的群落结构与空间布局可增强区域绿地缓解热岛效应功能。
Beijing city was divided into central urban areas,satellite towns and suburbs according to city function orientation. The spatial and temporal pattern and changes in urban heat island intensity in central urban areas and satellite towns were investigated using temperature data measured at 19 observation stations from 2005 to 2011. At the same time,the mitigating effects of different urban green lands on heat islands were analyzed. We found that the mean annual temperatures of different times(8∶00,14∶00 and 20∶00 h)were all in the order of central urban area > satellite town > suburbs. The mean annual temperatures of different times all increased in the central urban area and satellite towns,while values were decreased in some suburb stations,heightening urban heat island intensity in central urban areas and satellite towns. The urban heat island intensity in the central urban area was in the order of winter > summer,summer > winter for satellite towns,and 8∶00 > 20∶00 > 14∶00 for different times except for the central urban area in summer(20∶00 > 8∶00 > 14∶00). The value of mitigation effects of urban green lands on heat islands was related to management measures,types and community structure of green land(tree species composition,canopy density and stand density). The decrease in temperature of urban green lands from 9∶00 to 16∶00 changed from 0.2℃ to 12.9℃ in summer in the three parks,and the mean value of the decrease of temperature of all studied types of urban green lands was about4.2℃. The tree-herbage mixture was the best type of green lands good at decreasing temperature,while grass was the worst. Reasonable structure and composition of urban green land mean that urban green spaces better exert their effects by decreasing temperature,and benefit the improvement of urban environment and mitigation of urban heat island effects.
出处
《资源科学》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第6期1156-1165,共10页
Resources Science
基金
国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAC03B05)
北京市环境保护监测中心北京市生态环境变化以及对大气
水环境影响的调查与评估项目(OTTC-G12022328)
关键词
城市热岛
城市绿地
中心城
卫星城
缓解作用
北京
urban heat island
urban green land
central urban area
satellite town
mitigating effect
Beijing
