摘要
对陕西省3个不同生态区、17个市、县的1500多位农户近年来粮食作物产量、肥料施用量及施肥时期进行了现状调查,同时在5个示范村示范和推广了小麦、玉米和水稻平衡施肥技术。结果表明,粮食作物生产中氮肥用量和变幅都很大,一季作物氮施用量范围为106-636 kg·ha-1;与试验结果和推荐量比较,过量施氮在陕北川道地灌溉玉米为128 kg·ha-1,陕南水稻21 kg·ha-1、关中小麦55 kg·ha-1、玉米56 kg·ha-1。按照这个结果陕西省每年可能损失的化肥氮为1 2.2万t。因此,平衡施肥在陕北和关中主要是减氮增磷补钾,同时与灌溉技术相结合,达到少量多次施肥与灌溉;在陕南要大力补充钾肥。
To understand the present situation of fertilizer application in Shaanxi province and improve the fertilization techniques, crops yield, amount of fertilizer, and application time were investigated for 1 500 households in 17 cities and counties in three different ecosystem regions in Shaanxi province. At the same time five villages were selected as extension sites to demonstrate the balance application techniques for corn, wheat and rice. The results indicated that nitrogen fertilizer was applied in excessive quantities for cereal production, in a range from 106 to 636 kgN·ha-1 for one crop outside of the demonstration villages. Over-application of N fertilizer is 128 kgN·ha-1 for corn in bottom land where the irrigation could be done in north Shaaxi, 21 kgN·ha-1 for rice in south Shaanxi, 55 kgN·ha-1 for wheat and corn in Guanzhong. In total an estimated 122 million kg N had been lost each year in recent years in the province.Therefore it is important to educate the farmers to reduce nitrogen rate, increase phosphorus and potassium in north Shaanxi and Guanzhong areas, based on split-nitrogen applications, proper irrigation, can significantly increase grain yields. In south Shaanxi, potassium fertilizer should be applied greatly.
出处
《中国农业科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2004年第8期1239-1244,共6页
Scientia Agricultura Sinica
基金
中国-瑞典氮肥合作项目的部分内容
由瑞典国际开发署资助(Sida)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(90102012)
关键词
陕西
氮肥
施用剂量
环境污染
Nitrogen fertilizer
Over-application of N fertilizer
Environment pollution
Shaanxi province
