1Gajraj NM,Victory RA. Comparison of an ephedrine infusion with adminstration for prevention of hypotensionduring spinal anesthesia[J].Anesth Analg,1993,76:1023-1026.
1Kobayashi Y, Ichimiya T, Sekine R, et al. The technique to identify the epidural space do not influence the success rate in combined spinal-epidural anesthesia: a comparison between loss-of-resistance and hanging-drop[J]. Masui,2001, 50(5):496-500.
3Levy N, Fernando R.Reducing the incidence of technical failures and paraesthesia in combined spinal-epidural techniques[J].Anaesthesia,2000, 55(12):1213-1235.
4Muranaka K, Mizutani H, Seo K, et al.A comparison between middle and paramedian approaches for combined spinal-epidural anesthesia[J].Masui,2001,50(10): 1085-1088.
5Hoffmann VLH,Vercauteren MP, Buczkowski PW,et al.A new combined spinal epidural apparatus: measurement of the distance to the epidural and subarachnoid spaces[J].Annaesthesia,1997,52(4): 350-355.
6Sonoda H, Takamatsu J,Takahashi S.Evaluation of 26G pencil point spinal needle in combined epidural-spinal anesthesia[J].Masui,1995,44(10):1410-1414.
7Riley ET, Hamilton CL,Ratner EF,et al.A comparison of the 24-Gauge Sprotte and Gertie Marx spinal needles for combined spinal-epidural analgesia during labor[J].Anesthesiology,2002,97(3):574-577.
4Boldt J.Fluid choice for resuscitation of the trauma patient:a review of the physiological,pharmacological,and clinical evidence.Can J Anaesth,2004,51 (3):500-513.
