摘要
围绕主权的所有争论最后都归结为“什么是主权”这一问题。而对“什么是主权”这一问题 ,必须到历史中去寻求答案。主权观念的萌生和发展 ,经历了一个长期的过程。它最初是在国家内部的最高权威这一意义上提出的 ,因此首先是对内主权的产生和确立 ,随后再有对外主权概念在国家间得到承认。至164 8年签订《威斯特伐利亚和约》 ,这一过程宣告完成 ,主权观念也发展为主权原则———国际关系中各个国家处理相互间关系的准则。主权原则所包含的“独立”和“平等”本身就是同一意义上的指称。“独立”就是说一个主权国家不是任何其他国家的附属物 ,这同时也意味着国家与国家之间是平等的。因此 ,主权是近代的产物 ,主权原则是近现代以来国际关系的基础和欧洲国家体系的支柱之一。
All the controversies concerning sovereignty lead to the question of “what is sovereignty”and the answer to the question has to be pursued from history. It took a long time for the idea of sovereignty to sprout and grow. At first it was put forward in the sense of the supreme authority of a state that was higher than the authority of Church. Thus what emerged first was internal sovereignty and it gradually became established, then was followed by the mutual recognition of external sovereignty among states. Eventually, 1648 turned out to be the watershed of the whole process when the Peace of Westphalia ended the Thirty Years War and the idea of sovereignty proceeded to become the principle of sovereignty, i.e., the way states agreed to keep their mutual relationships. Independence and equality are just the two sides of a coin. In conclusion, sovereignty was a product of modern time and the sovereignty principle was and still is the foundation of international relations since then.
出处
《欧洲研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2004年第5期64-78,共15页
Chinese Journal of European Studies
