摘要
动物肿瘤模型,也是人类肿瘤的复制,对肿瘤发生、发展机制的研究及肿瘤预防和治疗等研究具有重要的意义.动物肿瘤模型的建立应注意选择动物的种系和致癌物的类型.动物种系间的差异很大,相同的致癌物对不同种系的动物可诱发不同的肿瘤,因此要诱发出合适的动物肿瘤模型,动物种系的选择极为重要.动物肿瘤模型分为动物自发瘤模型,诱发瘤模型和移植瘤模型,而移植瘤模型为本文讨论的重点.人类肿瘤移植瘤(指移植于免疫缺陷动物)的来源有肿瘤活检组织,手术切除的肿瘤标本和人类肿瘤细胞系.建立移植瘤的基本条件是:肿瘤标本的取材,应在无菌条件下取新鲜、无坏死、无包膜的瘤组织,手术标本的取材应在1—2个小时内完成.移植瘤受体动物(包括免疫缺陷动物)要求在4周龄左右,移植的最常用部位是背侧皮下.移植瘤建成的标准是:传代数应在15-20代(每代传3—4只动物);最终移植成瘤率为100%;自发消退率减少到最低限度(不一定完全达到零);生长速度要稳定;宿主寿命相似(重复性强);宿主反应性低(已适应受体动物体内生长);瘤组织的组织学结构仍保持与原发瘤相似.符合以上标准即可称为移植性肿瘤模型.
Animal tumor models, as replicas of human tumors, are of important significance concerning the investigation of the mechanism of tumorigenesis, tumor progression, tumor prevention and therapy, when establishing animal tumor models, we should choose suitable species of animals and corresponding carcinogens. One species of animal differs greatly from others. The same carcinogen may induce different tumor in different species of animals. Thus it is most important that animals should be selected properly to obtain animal tumor models suitable for experiment. Animal tumor models comprise spontaneons tumor models, inducing tumor models and transplantable tumor models. This paper will focus on the transplantable animal tumor models. The sources of human tumors (transplanted to immunodeficiency animals) are mainly biopsy tissues, surgically resected tumor specimens and human tumor cell lines. The basic necessity to establish transplantable tumors includes collecting fresh, non-necrotic non-capsulated tumor tissue within 1-2 hours after resection, selecting host animal (including immunodeficiency animals) should be around 4 weeks old, and the most frequent innoculating site is dorsal subcutaneous. Successful establishment of transplantable tumor models should satisfy the following standards: 15 - 20 successive generations (at least 3 - 4 animals each generation); 100 % growth after transplantation; least self-extinction (not definitely zero); stable growth rate; similar life span of host (high reproductivity); low host response (suitable for in vivo growth in host); histological similarity with primary tumor.
出处
《中国肿瘤生物治疗杂志》
CAS
CSCD
1995年第1期76-79,共4页
Chinese Journal of Cancer Biotherapy
