1Neer CS 2nd.Displaced proximal humeral fractures.I.Classification and evaluation. J Bone Joint Surg Am,1970,52:1077-1089.
2Herscovici D Jr,Saunders DT,Johnson MP,et al.Percutaneous fixation of proximal humeral fractures. Clin Orthop,2000, 375:97-104.
3Takeuchi R,Koshino T,Nakazawa A,et al. Minimally invasive fixation for unstable two-part proximal humeral fractures: surgical techniques and clinical results using j-nails.J Orthop Trauma,2002,16:403-408.
4Williams GR Jr,Wong KL.Two-part and three-part fractures: open reduction and internal fixation versus closed reduction and percutaneous pinning.Orthop Clin North Am,2000,31:1-21.
5Ogawa K,Yoshida A,Inokuchi W.Posterior shoulder dislocation associated with fracture of the humeral anatomic neck: treatment guidelines and long-term outcome.J Trauma,1999,46:318-323.
6Ogawa K,Takahashi M.Long-term outcome of isolated lesser tuberosity fractures of the humerus.J Trauma,1997,42:955-959.
7Kwon BK,Goertzen DJ,O'Brien PJ,et al. Biomechanical evaluation of proximal humeral fracture fixation supplemented with calcium phosphate cement.J Bone Joint Surg Am,2002,84:951-961.
8Matsuda M,Kiyoshige Y,Takagi M,et al. Intramedullary bone-cement fixation for proximal humeral fracture in elderly patients. A report of 5 cases. Acta Orthop Scand, 1999,70:283-285.
9Cameron BD, Williams MD. Operative Fixation of Three-Part Proximal Humerus Fractures. Tech Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2002,3:111-123.
10Prakash U, McGurty DW, et al.Hemiarthroplasty for severe fractures of the proximal humerus. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2002,11:428-430.
