摘要
清末在推行新政及预备主宪的大环境下，清政府实行了平满汉畛域的措施，内容主要有四项：一、准许满汉通婚；二、任官不分满汉，中央各部废除满汉复职制，东三省大量任用汉官，同时栽撤副都统等旗官；三、旗民编入民籍和筹旗人生计；四、司法同一，逐步实行旗人犯罪，与民人同法律同审判机构。在这些措施中，第一、四两项实行较彻底；第三项东三省实行较彻底，而其他地方由于各种困难和缺乏决心，只取得较少成绩；至于第二项，地方官特别是东三省改制后的地方官，多任用汉族人，而中央核心层，仍由满族亲贵控制。宣统年间，平满汉畛域的措施推行趋缓，这种情形。
In the course implementing reforms and preparing to establish a constitu- tion in the late Qing Dynasty,the Qing government adopted measures to inte- grate Manchus and Han Chinese. There were four measures in all: First,permit- ting Manchus and Han to intermarry.Second,assigning officials without distin- guishing between Manchu and Han,eliminating the system of joint Manchu and Han appointments in central departments,appointing large numbers of Han offi- cials in Manchuria, and dissolving Banner posts such as Deputy Dutong,etc. Third,including Manchus in the census register,and helping them to support themselves. Fourth,unifying the administration of justice,gradually allowing Manchu and Han criminals to be tried under the same law and the same judicial organs.Of these measures,the first and the fourth were carried out thoroughly. The third was carried out thoroughly in Manchuria,but not thoroughly in other areas because of various difficulties and a lack of determination. As for the sec- ond,more and more local official posts were filled with Han, particularly after the reform of the Manchurian civil service;but central power was still controlled by the Manchu emperos's clos relatives or court favourites.In the Xuantong pe- riod,efforts integrate Manchu and Han Chinese weakened.This aggravated social discontent and hastened the fall of the Qing court.
出处
《近代史研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2001年第5期21-44,共24页
Modern Chinese History Studies
