摘要
日本学者铃木虎雄首倡的“魏晋文学自觉说”并不是一个科学的论断,而鲁迅先生接受这一说法本是一种有感而发,虽然具有一定的学术启发性,但是不能把它上升为一种文学史规律性的理论判断。“汉代文学自觉说”是对“魏晋文学自觉说”的一个有力挑战,从汉魏以来“功利主义”与“文学自觉”、汉人的“个体意识”与抒情文学的关系来看,促进汉魏以来中国中古文学发展变化的根本原因是秦汉社会制度的变革、文人阶层的出现及其特殊的文化心态,以及他们对于文学的基本态度。以此为基础,可以清晰地看到从汉到唐的中国文学的演变轨迹。“魏晋文学自觉说”不能全面地描述中国中古文学的发展过程,它影响了我们对于中国文学发展规律和本质特征的认识,因而在中国中古文学研究中不适宜使用“文学自觉”这一概念。
Self-consciousness in literature of the Wei and Jin dynasties, first proposed by the Japanese researcher Suzuki Torao, is not a “scientific” argument. Lu Xun accepted the argument out of his feelings about the situation of his time. Intellectually intriguing as it was, it should not be lifted to the height of theory about literary history. The argument of self-consciousness in Han dynasty literature poses a great challenge to that of self-consciousness of Wei and Jin dynasty literature. Given the relationships between “utilitarianism” and “self-consciousness in literature,” and between the individualism of ethnic Han Chinese and lyric literature, the fundamental drive of Chinese medieval literature since the Han and Wei dynasties came from the social institutional reforms of the Qin and Han dynasties and the emergence of the literati as a class and its special mindset, as well as their general attitudes to literature. Viewed from this point, the evolutionary track of Chinese literature from the Han to the Tang dynasty is rather clear. The argument of self-consciousness in Wei and Jin dynasty literature is inadequate in describing literary development in medieval China. It is even misleading with regard to our understanding of patterns and essential characteristics in the development of Chinese literature. The concept of self-consciousness in literature is not appropriate to the study of Chinese medieval literature.
出处
《中国社会科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2005年第2期155-167,共13页
Social Sciences in China
