摘要
本文利用油松年轮研究了承德市自１８００年以来大气污染的历史过程，结果表明：避暑山庄油松年轮内Ｓ含量自本世纪初开始升高，比１９世纪初增加１－２倍，至７０－８０年代达３－５倍，而在最近８－１０年则达到１０倍以上。其中碧峰门古松太质部年轮内Ｓ含量由４０－５０μｇ·ｇ￣－１达到目前的５７２．９μｇ·ｇ￣－１，从而指示出承德市大气ＳＯ＿２浓度由城市化初期的＜０．１ｍｇ·ｍ￣－３增加到目前的３０ｍｇ·ｍ￣－３，这一历史过程主要与城市化过程尤其是近５０年来工业化的出现并加剧有密切的关系。随着１９２７－１９４５年大庙铁矿的开采，年轮内Ｆｅ明显增高。Ｍｎ在整个历史时期表现为增加趋势，由１８４０－１８５０年的４．１μｇ·ｇ￣－１增加到１９８０－１９９０年的１０．４μｇ·ｇ￣－１。Ｐｂ在１９８０年前的含量增加不明显，但在最近１０年内形成的木质部中，Ｐｂ含量明显增加．超过１９２０－１９３０年的５６０％。Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ、Ｎｉ含量的变化不表现线性增加，除个别点的某些时期变化较大外，基本上很平缓。１９世纪初油松年轮内Ｓ及重金属含量最低，可视为油松内元素自然背景值，与该值比较，１９８０－１９９０年这１０年内年轮Ｓ含量增加了１０倍，Ｆｅ，２．４?
The historical air pollution of S and heavy mctals since 1800 in the Cheng- de city was studied by analyzing the concentrations of S and heavy metals in the growth rings of Pinus tabulacjormis Carr.in the Summer Villa estate.The results showed that the S concentrations in the tree rings have elevated since the beginning of the l900s(1900-1920).The S concentrations in the tree rings of 1810-1820,1970-1980, and 1980-1990 have increased 1-2,3-5,and 10 times,respectively,of those in the tree rings of 1810-1920. At Bifengmen site,S increased significantly,from 40-50μg·g￣-1 to 572.9 μg·g￣-1.Such elevation indicated that the concentration of aerial SO_2 of the City has increased from the very beginning of the urbanization. It is estima- ted that the aerial S concentration has increased from the pre-industrial ba- ckground of less than 0.1 mg·m￣-3up to the present>30 mg·m￣-3.This is as- cribed to the result of urbanization,especially the appearance and aggrava- tion of industrialization in the,city of Chengde since the 1950s.Fe appeared to have increased since 1927-1945, possibly due to the opening of Damiao Iron Mine by the Japanese;Mn increased throughout the whole history,from 4.1 μg·g￣_1(1840-1850)to 10.4μg·g￣-1(1980-1990);Pb did not increase until 1980 but sharply elevated during the last 10 years,by 560%. It appears that the concentrations of Cu,Zn,and Ni have changed little. The concentrations of S and heavy metals in the tree rings at the beginning of 1800 were the lo- west,and could be regarded as the background concentrations.It is calcula- ted that S,Fe,Pb,Mn,Ni,Zn in the tree rings have increased 10,2.4,1.8,1.5,1.0 and 0.8 times,respectively, during the past 110 years or SO., The svere air pollution, especially SO_2, has resulted in air quality degradation,and also led to diebacks of the ancient pine trees in the Summer Villa estate.
出处
《植物生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
1994年第4期314-321,共8页
Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology
关键词
油松
年轮
大气污染
硫
重金属
承德市
Tree ring analysis,Pinus tabulaejormis Carr. ,Tree ring,Air pollution,Sulfur,Heavy metals
Chengde City.
