摘要
在人工控制和自然干旱条件下就玉米雌穗和雄穗生长发育对干旱胁迫的反应和适应性进行了深入研究。结果表明:在轻度、中度和重度干旱胁迫下,玉米植株上部节间、雄穗穗柄和雄穗长度不同程度地缩短,雄穗抽出缓慢或不能抽出,导致部分花粉在玉米植株顶部叶片形成的封闭筒内散落而成为无效花粉。干旱胁迫下雄穗分枝数和小穗数大幅度下降及雄穗长度的缩短造成的玉米雄穗花粉量明显减少,可供授粉的花粉量不足。与此同时,玉米雌穗生长发育亦受到干旱胁迫的严重影响,雌穗变短变细,基础物质不足,"库"容量显著缩小,而且,玉米雌穗花丝伸长速率下降或不能抽出。干旱胁迫下玉米雌穗和雄穗生长发育方面发生的变化最终导致玉米花期不遇,授粉受精不良,产量不可逆下降。
Responses and adaptabilities of ear and tassel growth and development of maize to drought stress were studied under the condition of artificially controlled water and natural drought. The results showed that the drought induced pollen-shedding within closed tank formed by top leaf of maize plant and pollen became invalid because of the shortened top node,tassel handle and tassel length, and the slow or invalid earring of tassel. Moreover,the total amount of pollen decreased and the amount of pollen used to pollinate was not enough because tassel ramification numbers and spikelet numbers sharply decreased,and the tassel became short. At the same time,maize ear growth and development was severely affected by drought stress,that is,the maize ear became short and thin,basal substance became devoid, tank capacity shrank,and silk elongation rate decreased or silk elongation could not put forth. The changes of ear and tassel growth and development induced by drought finally resulted in the fact that florescence could not meet,pollination and fertilization were not satisfactory and yield irreversibly decreased.
出处
《吉林农业大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2005年第1期1-5,10,共6页
Journal of Jilin Agricultural University
基金
中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目资助(KZCX1-SW-19)
关键词
玉米
干旱胁迫
雌穗
雄穗
生长发育
maize
drought stress
ear
tassel
growth and development
