摘要
针对大都市区城市化快速发展中,景观替代具有区域相关性和时序变化的基本特点,以美国华盛顿—巴尔的摩地区200年都市化发展史为例,以逻辑斯蒂增长模型为基础,引进2种景观类型的空间增长模型。研究表明,华盛顿—巴尔的摩都市区的增长具有明显的30￣40年周期性,分为3个大周期和6个半周期。在有限空间容量下,本区采用大面积发展城市森林的手段,缓解城市空间扩展与环境恶化的矛盾。运用竞争系数0.1和0.2条件下的增长模型对这一过程进行模拟。
Urbanization is now recognized as a ubiquitous phenomenon of global im portance. Traditional studies of urban and regional spatial sprawls usually pay much more attention to the sprawl processes of urban land use and seldom take ac count of natural landscape fragments and deforestation in general. This study tr ies to synthesize these two spatial processes by employing logistic competitive model in a case study. The sprawl process in the metropolitan area of the Baltim ore-Washington is a typical organic growing process among corridors. By the 1790 s, the major growths of urban area were around several growth poles. By the 1890 s, the urban growths had begun along several corridors between Washington and Ba ltimore. By the 1990s, the urban growth was along both the growth poles and corr idors so called network growth. It totally connected major corridors between Was hington and Baltimore in 1992. This process can be described as 'point-line-net- surface growth'. What is interesting about this analysis is that the metropolita n growth seems to have a 30-40 year cycle by using logistic modeling simulation and circling the spatial area in particular. The period cycles included the low- speed developing cycle between 1792 and 1852, from the high-speed to low-speed d eveloping cycle between 1852 and 1932, and the high-speed with turbulences devel oping cycle between 1932 and 1992. However, the expansion of urban growth has su ffered from increased environmental pressure because of limited environmental ca pacities. They expand over agriculture, wetlands, wildlands, and forests, thereb y changing the physical shape of the landscape as well as the functioning state of the landscape ecosystem. To solve these problems, 'Smart Growth' initiatives have been promoted since the 1990s by increasing urban forest areas and construc ting rural ecosystems in the Baltimore-Washington metropolitan region. We use th e logistic model by adding competitive indices to simulate this process. Therefo re, from the historical experiences of the metropolitan growth, the 'Smart Growt h' of metropolises must be favorable for the sustainable development of China me tropolitan planning.
出处
《地理学报》
EI
CSCD
北大核心
2005年第3期418-424,共7页
Acta Geographica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金重点项目(40435013)
国家自然科学基金项目(40171029
40471058)
南京大学科研基金资助~~
